Spatial Join

There are a myriad of ways to combine the attributes of multiple features. A Spatial Join is basically a more permanent Select By Location.

For example lets say I have a bunch of trees and every gardener has an area to maintain and you'd like to know how many trees each gardener is responsible for. You can use a spatial join to add the gardener's name to each tree.

Or maybe you have a bunch of points for landowners but you want to get the parcel data from a tax map, a spatial join will help you do that as well.

• Target Features (The feature you want to add attributes to): Land Owner Points
• Join Features (The features you get your attributes from): Tax Map Attributes
• Output Feature Class: LandOwnerJoined
• Join Operation: One to One

If everything went according to plan you'll have your point layer with the underlying property's attributes.

There are also some obscure methods for one to many joins that could be useful in some circumstances as described here:

https://esriaustraliatechblog.wordpress.com/2015/06/22/spatial-joins-hidden-trick-or-how-to-transfer-attribute-values-in-a-one-to-many-relationship/