chore(deps): update dependency ops to v3

[renovate]

ℹ️ Note

This PR body was truncated due to platform limits.

This PR contains the following updates:

Package	Change	Age	Confidence
ops (changelog)	==2.23.1 → ==3.8.2

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Warning

Some dependencies could not be looked up. Check the warning logs for more information.

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Release Notes

canonical/operator (ops)

v3.8.2

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Fixes

• Compare full event paths when skipping duplicate notices (#​2684)
• In ops.testing, don't pass a message when converting an unknown status by name (#​2700)

Documentation

• Give each best-practice admonition a stable anchor (#​2524)
• Reword text that vale 3.17 flags as misspelled (#​2695)
• Stop styling page references as blockquotes (#​2666)
• Make the custom-endpoint-name sample test actually test something (#​2664)
• Replace requests by urllib in K8s tutorial integration tests (#​2687)
• Recommend spread directly, rather than charmcraft test (#​2706)
• Extract sections in "how to write integration tests" to their own how-to guide (#​2662)

CI

• Point DB charm CI at the moved mysql-operators repo (#​2551)
• Switch example charm integration tests to Concierge k8s preset (#​2696)
• Use the upstream concierge presets again (#​2699)

v3.8.1

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Fixes

• Align Juju naming rules with testing class rules (#​2570)
• Do not attempt to mutate secret data in grant/revoke during tests (#​2614)
• Allow IdentityDict to be assigned IdentityAccess (#​2628)
• Only decode fields used by the data class in Relation.load() (#​2636)
• Use juju.wait for workload version tests in Kubernetes tutorial (#​2650)

Documentation

• Wait longer for Loki data in Kubernetes tutorial integration tests (#​2611)
• Add more guidance about charm naming (#​2610)
• Fix tempo test_deploy URL (#​2631)
• Add how-to guide for debugging Kubernetes charms (#​2498)
• Revert to installed charmcraft for initing charms (#​2635)
• Grab workload version in Kubernetes tutorial (#​2559)
• Separate test_workload_version_is_set in Kubernetes tutorial chapter 3 (#​2638)
• Add how-to guide to configure jubilant logs (#​2619)
• Use autofunction for layer_from_rockcraft (#​2648)
• Remove log_cli and log_file ini options; keep them as CLI arguments for integration tests (#​2654)
• Fix typo in explanation of mock_version fixture usage (#​2647)
• Switch Kubernetes tutorial charms to rock version of demo server (#​2649)

Tests

• Type-check testing/src/scenario and fix uncovered errors (#​2615)

CI

• Add dependency-review-action on PRs (#​2587)
• Re-enable the tracing integration tests (#​2586)
• Adopt new dependabot conventions (#​2609)
• Drop unsupported cooldown.semver-major-days from github-actions block (#​2617)
• Open an issue if a scheduled workflow fails (#​2627)
• Hash-pin actions and drop zizmor config (#​2612)
• Use uv-venv-lock-runner in tracing tox, align deps (#​2651)

v3.8.0

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Features

• Note the socket path in Pebble tracing spans (#​2555)

Fixes

• Treat remote unit zero as explicit (#​2454)
• Ensure resources are cleaned up in testing.Context (#​2506)
• Close SQLite storage in Harness.cleanup() (#​2507)
• Restore sys.breakpointhook on _Manager teardown (#​2542)
• Avoid errors in finalisation due to already-closed websocket (#​2548)
• Use the correct value for JUJU_HOOK_NAME when objects contain dashes (#​2552)
• Avoid double-closing the framework in testing teardown (#​2561)
• Don't leak exec I/O threads when waiting on the change fails (#​2558)
• Take Pebble defaults into consideration when consistency checking Checks (#​2567)
• Tear down Runtime.exec() when the charm raises (#​2581)

Documentation

• Fix small issues in K8s tutorial (#​2540)
• Document user-secret observer lifecycle and secret-changed semantics (#​2522)
• Replace CoC with link to Ubuntu Code of Conduct (#​2564)
• Add a small note about -W error in the unit test how-to (#​2560)
• Add doc about subordinate charms (#​2455)
• Add 26.04 to the versions page and mark 2.23 as LTS (#​2517)
• Clarify storage-detaching applies to both machine and K8s charms (#​2554)
• Add guidance about names of workload-less charms (#​2496)
• Fix first unit tests command in machine charm tutorial (#​2574)
• Extend security explanation page to cover SEC0030 V1.3 gaps (#​2571)
• Move docs to canonical.com/juju/docs/ops (#​2545)
• Fix docstring of _Event._is_action_event (#​2580)

Tests

• Treat warnings as errors when running unit tests (#​2541)
• Fix mock_temp_dir fixture's open() patch (#​2553)
• Add integration tests for ops.hookcmds (#​2520, #​2562)
• Fix integration test flakes on Juju 3 k8s and Juju 4 secrets (#​2584)

Refactoring

• Avoid yaml.load() to silence security scanner false positives (#​2523)
• Replace jsonpatch with an inline dict-diff (#​2578)
• Move the otlp-json package to be a regular ops-tracing module (#​2585)
• Distinguish between init and attribute types in testing state classes (#​2331)

CI

• Remove obsolete containerd workaround from integration workflow (#​2519)
• Use the sys.monitoring coverage core (#​2518)

v3.7.1

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Fixes

• Pass the endpoint name through to relation-get (#​2499)

Documentation

• Add a how-to guide focused on debugging charms (#​2386)
• Add metadata descriptions to the debug and public listing how-to guides (#​2415)
• Update tutorials and how-tos to use pytest-jubilant (#​2406)
• Add how-to guide about CI (#​2405)
• Test COS Lite integration with the k8s-5-observe charm (#​2411)
• Update tutorials and example charms to match Charmcraft 4.2 (#​2407)
• Update api_demo_server version to support non-amd64 architectures (#​2448)
• Pin to 24.04 when launching VMs (#​2457)
• Explain how to remove errored apps in k8s tutorial (#​2445)
• Align example charms with pre-release Charmcraft (#​2444)
• Add how-to guide for naming and initialising a charm (#​2449)
• Add a how-to guide about publishing a charm (#​2420)
• In the tutorials, recommend initing from GitHub (#​2459)
• Fix integration tests of K8s tutorial charms (#​2471)
• Replace the PGP key with the upstream page in SECURITY.md (#​2474)
• Bump api_demo_server to 1.0.4 in docs and example charms (#​2473)
• Refresh the machine workloads how-to (#​2443)
• Add COS Lite integration tests to K8s tutorial (#​2478)
• Add git workflow guidance for contributors (#​2453)
• Update profile guidance in HACKING.md (#​2486)
• Explain how to add an icon to a charm (#​2451)
• Adopt latest Charmcraft profiles, incl juju_setup marker on integration tests (#​2497)
• Improve support for agents, with Sphinx Stack upgrade (#​2495)
• Improve how-to about managing files in containers (#​2470)
• Improve Container.pull docs to avoid leaky files (#​2508)
• Clarify Secret manage-permission error in testing.State (#​2510)

Tests

• Extend the type checking of the ops-scenario tests (#​2234, #​2235)
• Wait on ExecProcess after expected TypeError (#​2509)

CI

• Drop external action for checking PR title format (#​2388)
• Add a dependabot cooldown (#​2413)
• Sort the directory entries when updating the best practices list (#​2422)
• Configure dependabot for the example charms (#​2426)
• Pin zizmor and TIOBE tool versions in pyproject.toml rather than the workflow (#​2437)
• Add 26.04 to smoke tests and remove outdated metadata.yaml (#​2450)
• Use charmcraft test for example charm (#​2440)
• Add workflow_dispatch trigger to workflows where it is useful (#​2468)
• Ensure the correct job is selected in updating charm pins (#​2500)

v3.7.0

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Features

• Enable interactive debugging via breakpoint in testing (#​2363)
• ops.testing autoload support for charmcraft extensions (#​2367)
• Allow testing.State.get_relation to accept relation objects (#​2359)
• Support charmcraft.yaml format as meta for testing.Context (#​2296)

Fixes

• Correct type annotation for StorageMeta.properties (#​2348)
• Move the testing.Container compatibility import so that mypy style checkers understand it (#​2343)
• Hold only copies of user provided meta/config/actions in testing.Context (#​2349)
• Deep-copy layer objects during testing.State plan rendering (#​2380)
• Return copies from testing.State secret_get and action_get (#​2379)
• Use timezone-aware datetimes in expiry calculation (#​2378)
• Warn before clearing non-empty container in testing (#​2365)

Documentation

• Replace links to juju.is by canonical.com/juju (#​2368)
• Refactor homepage to better put Ops in context (#​2370)
• Add pytest-operator migration guide from Jubilant docs (#​2381)
• Add a tip about AI help in the Jubilant migration guide (#​2382)
• Mention jhack scenario snapshot (#​2351)
• Update integration testing how-to guide (#​2390)
• Explain K8s charms briefly at the start of the tutorial (#​2392)
• Juju secrets identifier is now an opaque string (#​2387)

Tests

• Extend the type checking of the ops-scenario tests (#​2230)

CI

• Run ruff check --fix in tox -e format (#​2369)
• Check example charms with mypy in CI (#​2360)
• Update the list of published charms in the compatibility tests (#​2384)
• Adjust minimum Python version in broad charm compatibility tests (#​2317)

v3.6.0

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Features

• Bump default Juju version in ops.testing.Context to 3.6.14 (#​2316)

Fixes

• Correct the Model.get_binding() return type (#​2329)
• Only show executable in ExecError.__str__, not full command line (#​2336)
• Support Pydantic MISSING sentinel in ops.Relation.save (#​2306)

Documentation

• Add how-to subcategory for managing containers (#​2309)
• Remove 2.19 version in docs, tweak ops.testing title (#​2332)
• Use "true" and "false" consistently in the reference documentation (#​2330)
• Add CLI args as another place to not put sensitive data (#​2334)
• Fix remote unit kwarg in testing example (#​2342)
• Clarify that secret labels are not names (#​2337)

Tests

• Set SCENARIO_BARE_CHARM_ERRORS=true in Ops tests that care (#​2314)

CI

• Fix releasing on branches with no versions.md doc (#​2323)

v3.5.2

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Fixes

• Make testing.CheckInfo level arg type match pebble.CheckInfo.level (#​2274)
• Make testing consistency check aware that credential-get is available on k8s in newer Juju (#​2307)
• Drop unused setuptools_scm build dependency (#​2310)

Documentation

• Update Pebble version in Juju 3.6 (#​2295)
• Refresh K8s tutorial to use Concierge and uv-based Charmcraft profile (#​2285)
• Add missing "How to" in page titles (#​2289)
• Fix and improve observability part of K8s tutorial (#​2305)

v3.5.1

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Fixes

• Use parse_rfc3339 for datetime parsing to support Juju 4 (#​2264)
• Correct the value of additional_properties in the action meta in Juju 4 (#​2250)
• Prevent KeyError on auth-type when creating CloudCredential object (#​2268)
• _checks_action should return empty list when there are no changes (#​2270)

Documentation

• Provide examples in unit testing how-to, and other small improvements (#​2251)
• Update the action how-to to explain the additionalProperties default flip (#​2249)
• For state-transition tests, clarify about immutability and reusing state (#​2153)
• Fix and clarify holistic example of handling storage (#​2098)
• Remove comments from K8s tutorial and clarify about persisting data (#​2253)
• Clarify handling of postgres relation data in K8s tutorial (#​2256)
• Improve unit tests of httpbin demo charm (#​2254)
• Add version information for tools in the charming ecosystem (#​2231)
• Avoid emojis that render differently across platforms (#​2273)
• Secrets over CMR comment added (#​2271)
• Fix charm name in httpbin deploy command (#​2276)
• Updated security@ubuntu.com PGP key (#​2286)

Tests

• Remove unnecessary test module (#​2247)

CI

• Replace git reference injection with wheel artifacts in charm test workflows (#​2252)
• Explicitly provide the charmcraft repo location in CI (#​2277)
• Remove outdated custom signature generation (#​2280)

v3.5.0

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Features

• Env var to control exception wrapping in tests (#​2142)
• Deprecate testing.Context.charm_spec (#​2219)

Documentation

• Fix charmcraft init command (#​2210)
• Update CI examples to use uv and tox-uv (#​2213)
• Update and clarify info about environment prep (#​2217)
• Match Charmcraft profiles in tox.ini example for integration testing (#​2221)
• Use base 24.04 for httpbin-demo charm (#​2222)
• Clarify parts of the machine charm tutorial (#​2223)
• Match Charmcraft profiles in "Write and structure charm code" (#​2220)
• Use cosl binary in K8s tutorial charm to work around error (#​2232)
• Fix URL issues by updating doc starter pack (#​2238)

Tests

• Don't skip tests if ops[testing] isn't installed (#​2215)
• Switch the integration test charms to use the uv plugin (#​2218)

CI

• Avoid jitter in the best practice doc PRs (#​2193)
• Ignore PERF401 (manual list comprehension) across the repo (#​2201)
• The git commands need to be run in the operator directory as well (#​2197)
• Have cycle in the sbomber manifests use the default value (#​2209)
• Add pytest.warns to note an expected warning (#​2092)
• Update release script to handle non-final versions (#​2199)
• Add ops-tracing as a dependency for the observability tests (#​2239)
• Add scheduled workflow for packing and integration testing example charms (#​2233)

v3.4.0

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Breaking Changes

• Fix: Change JujuContext.machine_id from int to str (#​2108)
• Fix: Ensure that the testing context manager is exited when an exception occurs (#​2117)

Features

• Add a low-level API for the Juju hook commands (#​2019)
• Make PebbleClient file methods also accept pathlib.PurePath (#​2097)
• Log the total number of deferred events (#​2161)
• Allow setting the Juju availability zone and principal unit in the testing Context (#​2187)

Fixes

• Allow actions without params or descriptions in ops[testing] (#​2090)
• Ensure ops.Pebble.pull cleans up temporary files if it errors (#​2087)
• Make secret info description visible to the charm in ops[testing] (#​2115)
• Raise ActionFailed when using Context as a context manager (#​2121)
• Detect categories with an exclamation mark indicating breaking changes (#​2132)
• Normalise Secret.owner to 'app' for ops[testing] output state (#​2127)
• Don't cache secret metadata in Ops (#​2143)
• Secret-info-get cannot be provided with both an ID and a label (#​2170)
• Minor hookcmds fixes (#​2175)

Documentation

• Update referenced examples for managing interfaces (#​2068)
• Tidy up spelling and formatting in several places (#​2060)
• Add missing assignment to state_out in unit tests how-to (#​2075)
• Update the holistic/delta explanation with the reconciler pattern (#​2029)
• Fix broken setup/teardown links in README (#​2094)
• Update info about release docs, mark testing changelog as not maintained (#​2074)
• Switch to makefile for building the docs (#​2073)
• Document how to extract the charm instance from the testing context (#​2084)
• Add a how-to guide for migrating away from Harness (#​2062)
• Rename hook tools to hook commands (#​2114)
• Remove legacy how-to guide for Harness (#​2122)
• Update the Juju release the metrics functionality is removed from 4.0 to 3.6.11 (#​2126)
• Clarify that Context is the testing context not only the Juju context (#​2123)
• Explain the Charmhub public listing process and add a reference list of best practices (#​1989)
• Expand next steps for K8s tutorial (#​2034)
• Remove mention of the simple Charmcraft profile (#​2138)
• Expand landing pages with summaries of pages (#​2140)
• Update environment setup for integration tests and K8s tutorial (#​2124)
• Replace machine charm tutorial by an improved tutorial (#​2119)
• Change HACKING.md instructions for maintaining Charmcraft profiles (#​2151)
• In integration tests, use consistent approach to logging and packing (#​2150)
• In integration testing how-to, clarify that Juju model is destroyed after all tests in the model complete (#​2154)
• Remove Charmcraft channel specifier from machine charm tutorial (#​2148)
• Add AI contribution note and style guideline for type annotation of return values (#​2168)
• Add ops[testing] to the ops.testing docstring (#​2171)
• Add links to the Juju hook from each event class (#​2176)
• Add a short umask note (#​2184)

Tests

• Re-enable testing consistency checks after disabling them (#​2141)
• Expand secrets integration and state transition tests (#​2130)

Refactoring

• Use ops.hookcmds in _ModelBackend (#​2116)
• Don't get the storage details from --help (#​2172)
• Drop 3.8 and 3.9 compatibility code (#​2173)
• Use json.dumps to produce the YAML in relation-set and state-set (#​2174)
• Rely on type annotations instead of casts in hookcmds (#​2179)

CI

• Add integration and state transition tests for the secrets API (#​2078)
• Temporarily disable tracing integration tests (#​2102)
• Add secrets tests follow-up (#​2105)
• Support monorepos in ops charm compatibility testing (#​2100)
• Test both Charmcraft 3 and Charmcraft 4 profiles (#​2103)
• Add automated doc checks (and related starter pack updates) (#​2099)
• Clean up accidental workflow trigger (#​2144)
• Test if package versions match dependency versions before publishing (#​2139)
• Update spelling (#​2167)
• Test against 4.0/stable (#​2186)
• Store charmcraft logs if smoke tests fail (#​2192)
• Use Juju channel 4/stable in Ops smoke tests (#​2190)

v3.3.1: : fix loading the Juju machine ID

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This is a bug-fix release to fix an issue introduced in Ops 3.3.0 (in production) and Ops 3.2.0 (in testing), where loading the Juju machine ID would fail if the ID was not an integer.

The type of the machine ID (both in ops.JujuContext and testing.Context) is changed from int to str, so some code or tests may need to be adjusted to use the correct type.

What's Changed

Fixes

• Change JujuContext.machine_id from int to str (#​2108)

Full Changelog: canonical/operator@3.3.0...3.3.1

v3.3.0

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Features

• Expose the Juju hook context in ops.JujuContext (#​1996)

Fixes

• In testing, separate relation data cache from mock Juju backend (#​2052)

Documentation

• Use uv for testing and packing the httpbin charm (#​2011)
• Improve intro to ops.testing reference (#​2023)
• In httpbin charm integration tests, add env var for charm file to deploy (#​2018)
• Update get_cloud_spec doc now that credential-get works on K8s (#​2031)
• Note that arbitrary_types_allowed is required when ops.Secret is used in a Pydantic class (#​2038)
• Clean up Resources.fetch docstring, add ModelError exception (#​2039)
• Note that the peer databag isn't usable during the install event (#​2051)
• Fix testing code in actions how-to guide (#​2054)

CI

• Nicer logging output in the release script using rich (#​2017)
• Clean up PYTHONPATH in tox.ini (#​2058)

v3.2.0

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Features

• Add security event logging (#​1905)
• Surface JUJU_MACHINE_ID envvar in testing env (#​1961)
• Add a new log target type opentelemetry (#​1937)

Documentation

• Update links and config for switch to documentation.ubuntu.com/ops (#​1940)
• Update the required Python version and note the 2.x documentation site (#​1946)
• Be consistent with recommending self.config (#​1947)
• Use latest styles from starter pack and remove .html extensions (#​1951)
• Remove .html extensions from hardcoded links (#​1955)
• Fix broken URLs in sitemap (#​1956)
• Add related doc links to homepage (#​1959)
• Use classes from ops instead of ops. (#​1968)
• Fix unstyled error pages (#​1969)
• Add Google Analyics integration and cookie consent banner (#​1971)
• Refresh docs homepage with more context about Ops (#​1964)
• Update link to Charmlibs docs (#​1985)
• Remove unnecessary pages from sitemap (#​1979)
• Update the httpbin example charm to Jubilant (#​1987)
• Update the Zero to Hero tutorial to Jubilant (#​1988)
• Add model-config best practice note (#​1990)
• Change some best practices to tips (#​2001)
• Add integration test for invalid config in httpbin charm (#​2002)
• Make a Layer instead of a LayerDict in the httpbin charm (#​2003)
• Update how-to to feature Jubilant (#​2000, #​2004)
• Use Charmcraft-style format and lint for example charms, not Ops-style (#​2008)
• Update broken link to HookVars source code (#​2006)

CI

• Fixes for the SBOM and security scan workflow, and trigger it on publishing (#​1916)
• Store the charmcraft logs if packing fails (#​1936)
• Install release dependencies for the TIOBE analysis (#​1930)
• Add Juju 4/beta to the smoke test matrix (#​1963)
• Adjust permissions block in publish workflow (#​1984)
• Update actions/checkout to v5 (#​1993)
• Enable doctests (#​1991)
• Ignore juju/4 timeouts (#​1998)
• Remove the token for SBOM and security scan workflow (#​2009)
• Speed up integration test (#​1978)

v3.1.0

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Features

• Release automation script (#​1855)
• Add app_name and unit_id attributes to testing.context (#​1920)

Fixes

• If an event ends with _abort(0) tests should behave as if it ended successfully (#​1887)
• If self.app is not actually set avoid a new crash location (#​1897)
• Only add the remote unit for departed and broken relation events, fix ordering (#​1918)
• Add the remote unit to relation.data but not relation.units (#​1925)

Documentation

• Use load_config in the httpbin example charm (#​1852)
• Update HACKING.md with how to bump ops version in Charmcraft profiles (#​1872)
• Change title of docs site (#​1890)
• Use config and action classes in the Kubernetes tutorial (#​1891)
• Reference example charms from K8s tutorial and fix consistency (#​1898)
• Update style guide (#​1720)
• Fix issues in how-to guide for stored state (#​1901)
• Link out to the 12-factor tutorials from the tutorial index page (#​1902)
• Replace broken link in testing explanation (#​1913)
• Expand the storage how-to with content from Juju docs scheduled for removal (#​1915)
• Ops tracing how to (#​1853)
• Add a security explanation doc (#​1904)

Tests

• Replace Python version to 3.10 for observability charm tests (#​1914)

CI

• Use httpbin demo charm for the Charmcraft pack test (#​1895)
• Move TIOBE workflow to self-hosted runners (#​1912)
• Add SBOM generation and secscan workflow (#​1906)
• Build and publish in one step (#​1857)
• Update the name and email when updating the charm pins (#​1924)
• Drop smoke test against 20.04 (#​1923)

v3.0.0

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The minimum version of Python for Ops 3.x is 3.10.

Documentation

• Be consistent with recommending self.app and self.unit (#​1856)

CI

• Hotfix, publish job for ops-tracing (#​1865)

v2.23.5: 2.3.5: fix how duplicate events are identified

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This release backports a bug fix from 3.8.2. If an event MyEmitter[foo]/evt1 was deferred, subsequent events MyEmitter[foo]/evt2 and MyEmitter[bar]/evt1 would be incorrectly identified as duplicate events, and then skipped.

What's Changed

Fixes

• Compare full event paths when skipping duplicate notices in #​2717

Full Changelog: canonical/operator@2.23.4...2.23.5

v2.23.4: : backport fixes from 3.x

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2.23 is the LTS series for Ops, and this release brings it up to date with the bug fixes made in the 3.x series from 3.1.0 through to 3.8.0 (everything that was applicable to 2.23 and did not require behaviour changes or features that only exist in 3.x). There are no new features and no breaking changes.

Most of the fixes are in ops.testing (Scenario and Harness), where several long-standing sources of confusing test results are resolved. The runtime fixes are smaller in number but include two that can hang or crash a real charm.

Runtime fixes worth knowing about

• Exec no longer leaks I/O threads when the wait fails (#​2558). If a Container.exec() change outlived the client-side wait (for example, an orphaned process holding the exec's stdio open), the non-daemon I/O pump threads stayed blocked in recv() and prevented interpreter shutdown, wedging the hook. The exec is now torn down when the wait fails.
• No more errors during finalisation on an already-closed Pebble websocket (#​2548). Closing a socket that is already closed is now a no-op, and the race where it closes underneath us is ignored. This was showing up as noisy tracebacks at interpreter shutdown on Python 3.13+.
• Datetimes from Juju 4 parse correctly on Python 3.10 (#​2264).
• credential-get is recognised on Kubernetes (#​2307) and action metadata reports additional_properties correctly (#​2250) on newer Juju, both of which otherwise caused spurious failures against Juju 4.
• ops.pebble.Client.pull cleans up its temporary file if it errors (#​2087), rather than leaving it behind.
• ExecError.__str__ shows only the executable, not the whole command line (#​2336), so arguments that contain secrets do not end up in logs and status messages. Please avoid putting secrets in exec calls.
• breakpoint() still works after _Manager teardown (#​2542): sys.breakpointhook is restored instead of being left patched.
• Type annotation corrections that may surface new (correct) errors in your type checker: Model.get_binding() (#​2329) and StorageMeta.properties (#​2348).

Testing fixes worth knowing about

• Relation data in tests is no longer shared with the mock backend (#​2052). Tests that relied on the old aliasing may now (correctly) see different data.
• Remote units on relation events match Juju (#​1918, #​1925): the remote unit is only added for -departed and -broken events, the ordering is fixed, and the departing unit appears in Relation.data but not in Relation.units.
• Errors inside the Context context manager are no longer swallowed (#​2117, #​2121): the manager is exited properly when an exception occurs, and ActionFailed is raised as it is outside the manager.
• Mutable state you pass in is copied, not captured (#​2349, #​2379, #​2380): Context holds copies of user-provided meta, config and actions; secret_get and action_get return copies; and layers are deep-copied when rendering the plan. Previously a test could mutate the objects another test was about to use.
• Resources and files are cleaned up (#​2506, #​2507): Context releases its resources, and Harness.cleanup() closes the SQLite storage instead of leaking a file handle.
• Consistency checking is less trigger-happy: Pebble's defaults for check level, startup and threshold are taken into account (#​2567), _checks_action returns an empty list rather than erroring when nothing changed (#​2270), and testing.CheckInfo's level argument accepts the same type as pebble.CheckInfo.level (#​2274).
• Secret.owner is normalised to 'app' in output state (#​2127), and an event that ends with _Abort(0) is treated as a success (#​1887).
• Clearing a non-empty container now warns first (#​2365), and the testing.Container compatibility import moved so mypy-style checkers understand it (#​2343).

What's Changed

Fixes

• If an event ends with _Abort(0), tests behave as if it ended successfully (#​1887)
• Only add the remote unit for departed and broken relation events, and fix the ordering (#​1918)
• Add the remote unit to Relation.data but not Relation.units (#​1925)
• _MockModelBackend.relation_get returns a copy of the relation data (#​2052)
• Ensure ops.pebble.Client.pull cleans up temporary files if it errors (#​2087)
• Ensure that the testing context manager is exited when an exception occurs (#​2117)
• Raise ActionFailed when using Context as a context manager (#​2121)
• Normalise Secret.owner to 'app' for ops[testing] output state (#​2127)
• Correct the value of additional_properties in the action meta in Juju 4 (#​2250)
• Use parse_rfc3339 for datetime parsing to support Python 3.10 (#​2264)
• _checks_action returns an empty list when there are no changes (#​2270)
• Make testing.CheckInfo level argument type match pebble.CheckInfo.level (#​2274)
• Support the Pydantic MISSING sentinel in ops.Relation.save (#​2306)
• credential-get is available on K

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