build(deps): constrain dependencies to major versions

[jahn-junior]

• Have you updated CHANGELOG.md with relevant non-documentation file changes?
• Have you updated the documentation for this change?

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Constrain dependencies to major versions. Major version increments will be assessed prior to every subsequent major version increment. Resolves #485.

Packages with non-standard versioning schemes, such as sphinx-autobuild and rst2html, were left untouched. The only other exceptions are:

• sphinx-design: Latest version (0.7) requires Python >= 3.11, so I pinned to 0.6.1
• sphinx-reredirects: Latest version (1.1.0) requires Python >= 3.11, so I pinned to 0.1.6

[medubelko]

LGTM. The reST and MyST syntax guides act as decent regression tests for specific packages.

[minaelee]

Thank you!