Reduce Datetime.now's nanoseconds without narrowing through a C long

docs/Datetime.html

@@ -1200,6 +1200,29 @@ <h3 id="strptime">
 
                     </p>
                 </div>
+                <div class="binder">
+                    <a class="anchor" href="#subsecond-nanos">
+                        <h3 id="subsecond-nanos">
+                            subsecond-nanos
+                        </h3>
+                    </a>
+                    <div class="description">
+                        defn
+                    </div>
+                    <p class="sig">
+                        (Fn [Uint64] Int)
+                    </p>
+                    <pre class="args">
+                        (subsecond-nanos t)
+                    </pre>
+                    <p class="doc">
+                        <p>returns the sub-second part of the nanosecond count <code>t</code>,
+that is, <code>t</code> modulo one billion.</p>
+<p>The reduction is exact over the whole <code>Uint64</code> range, including counts wider
+than a C <code>long</code>.</p>
+
+                    </p>
+                </div>
                 <div class="binder">
                     <a class="anchor" href="#to-ordinal">
                         <h3 id="to-ordinal">

test/time.carp

@@ -17,6 +17,11 @@
 ; render a Datetime as "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS" for whole-instant comparisons.
 (defn stamp [dt] (fmt "%s %s" &(Datetime.isoformat dt) &(Datetime.isotime dt)))
 
+; parts stay under 2^31: a wider Long literal truncates where C long is 32 bits.
+(defn nanos [secs ns]
+  (let [billion (Uint64.from-long 1000000000l)]
+    (+ (* (Uint64.from-long secs) billion) (Uint64.from-long ns))))
+
 ; n UTF-8 continuation bytes, which decode to no character at all.
 (defn conts [n] (String.from-bytes &(Array.replicate n &128b)))
 
@@ -669,6 +674,47 @@
       &(at-tz 2100 1 1 19 0 0 @&Timezone.utc))
     "equal-instant? stays timezone-aware past 2038")
 
+  ; --- sub-second reduction of a 64-bit clock ---
+  (assert-equal test
+    999999999
+    (Datetime.subsecond-nanos (Uint64.from-long 999999999l))
+    "subsecond-nanos leaves a count below one second alone")
+  (assert-equal test
+    500000000
+    (Datetime.subsecond-nanos (nanos 1l 500000000l))
+    "subsecond-nanos drops whole seconds")
+  (assert-equal test
+    294967296
+    (Datetime.subsecond-nanos
+      (Uint64.bit-shift-left (Uint64.from-long 1l) (Uint64.from-long 32l)))
+    "subsecond-nanos reduces 2^32")
+  (assert-equal test
+    662882507
+    (Datetime.subsecond-nanos (nanos 1787138980l 662882507l))
+    "subsecond-nanos reduces a realistic monotonic-clock reading")
+  (assert-equal test
+    854775808
+    (Datetime.subsecond-nanos
+      (Uint64.bit-shift-left (Uint64.from-long 1l) (Uint64.from-long 63l)))
+    "subsecond-nanos reduces 2^63")
+  (assert-equal test
+    709551615
+    (Datetime.subsecond-nanos Uint64.MAX)
+    "subsecond-nanos reduces the largest representable count")
+
+  ; with no second boundary between the samples, now's nanos sit between them.
+  (let-do [billion (Uint64.from-long 1000000000l)
+           a (System.nanotime)
+           dt (Datetime.now)
+           b (System.nanotime)
+           lo (Datetime.subsecond-nanos a)
+           hi (Datetime.subsecond-nanos b)
+           ns (Maybe.from @(Datetime.nanoseconds &dt) -1)
+           spans-a-second? (or (> (- b a) billion) (> lo hi))]
+    (assert-true test
+      (or spans-a-second? (and (<= lo ns) (<= ns hi)))
+      "now reads its nanoseconds off the full-width clock"))
+
   (assert-equal test
     &@"00:00:30"
     &(Datetime.isotime

time.carp

@@ -459,6 +459,15 @@ The ISO format is of the form `HH:MM:SS`. The date value is not represented.")
          (Maybe.from @(minutes dt) 0)
          (Maybe.from @(seconds dt) 0)))
 
+  (doc subsecond-nanos "returns the sub-second part of the nanosecond count `t`,
+that is, `t` modulo one billion.
+
+The reduction is exact over the whole `Uint64` range, including counts wider
+than a C `long`.")
+  (defn subsecond-nanos [t]
+    (let [billion (Uint64.from-long 1000000000l)]
+      (Long.to-int (Uint64.to-long (- t (* (/ t billion) billion))))))
+
   (doc now "returns the `Datetime` representing the current time.
 
 All of the time information is obtained from the operating system directly.")
@@ -471,7 +480,7 @@ All of the time information is obtained from the operating system directly.")
             (Maybe.Just @(TM.tm_hour ct))
             (Maybe.Just @(TM.tm_min ct))
             (Maybe.Just @(TM.tm_sec ct))
-            (Maybe.Just (Long.to-int (mod (Uint64.to-long t) 1000000000l)))
+            (Maybe.Just (subsecond-nanos t))
             (Maybe.Just
               (Timezone.init @(TM.tm_zone ct)
                              @(TM.tm_gmtoff ct)