feat(rate-limit/unstable): add rate limiting module

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -88,6 +88,9 @@ path:
 random:
   - changed-files:
       - any-glob-to-any-file: random/**
+rate-limit:
+  - changed-files:
+      - any-glob-to-any-file: rate_limit/**
 regexp:
   - changed-files:
       - any-glob-to-any-file: regexp/**

deno.json

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@
     "./net",
     "./path",
     "./random",
+    "./rate_limit",
     "./regexp",
     "./semver",
     "./streams",

import_map.json

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@
     "@std/path": "jsr:@std/path@^1.1.4",
     "@std/regexp": "jsr:@std/regexp@^1.0.1",
     "@std/random": "jsr:@std/random@^0.1.5",
+    "@std/rate-limit": "jsr:@std/rate-limit@^0.1.0",
     "@std/semver": "jsr:@std/semver@^1.0.8",
     "@std/streams": "jsr:@std/streams@^1.0.17",
     "@std/tar": "jsr:@std/tar@^0.1.10",

rate_limit/_algorithms.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,312 @@
+// Copyright 2018-2026 the Deno authors. MIT license.
+// This module is browser compatible.
+
+import { RollingCounter } from "@std/data-structures/unstable-rolling-counter";
+import { assertPositiveFinite, assertPositiveInteger } from "./_validation.ts";
+
+/**
+ * Result returned by algorithm operations. All fields are always present
+ * regardless of whether the request was allowed.
+ *
+ * **Metadata semantics vary by algorithm:**
+ *
+ * - `retryAfter` is the *minimum* delay before capacity *may* free up. For
+ *   sliding-window this is the time until the next segment rotation, which may
+ *   not free enough permits for a high-cost request. For token-bucket and GCRA
+ *   the value accounts for the requested cost.
+ * - `resetAt` is the timestamp of the next replenishment event (segment
+ *   rotation, window boundary, or refill cycle). For sliding-window and
+ *   token-bucket this is *not* necessarily when full capacity is restored.
+ */
+export interface AlgorithmResult {
+  readonly ok: boolean;
+  readonly remaining: number;
+  readonly resetAt: number;
+  readonly retryAfter: number;
+  readonly limit: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Pure state machine for a rate limit algorithm. No Map, no timers, no keys.
+ * Used by both the keyed layer (Map + eviction) and the primitives (queue +
+ * timer).
+ */
+export interface AlgorithmOps<S> {
+  /** Create initial state for a new key or new instance. */
+  create(now: number): S;
+  /** Advance time (rotate segments, refill tokens, reset window). Mutates state. */
+  advance(state: S, now: number): void;
+  /** Try to consume `cost` permits. Returns true and mutates state if allowed. */
+  tryConsume(state: S, cost: number, now: number): boolean;
+  /** Return whether a request of `cost` would be allowed without mutating state. */
+  wouldAllow(state: S, cost: number, now: number): boolean;
+  /** Compute result metadata (remaining, resetAt, retryAfter). */
+  result(state: S, ok: boolean, cost: number, now: number): AlgorithmResult;
+  /** Compute the retry delay for a denied request without allocating a result object. */
+  computeRetryAfter(state: S, cost: number, now: number): number;
+  /** The configured permit limit. */
+  readonly limit: number;
+}
+
+// --- Fixed Window ---
+
+/** State for the fixed-window algorithm: count in current window and window start time. */
+export interface FixedWindowState {
+  count: number;
+  windowStart: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates ops for the fixed-window algorithm. Callers must pass valid parameters.
+ *
+ * @param limit Maximum permits per window. Must be a positive integer.
+ * @param window Window duration in milliseconds. Must be a positive finite number.
+ * @returns Algorithm ops for fixed-window rate limiting.
+ */
+export function createFixedWindowOps(
+  limit: number,
+  window: number,
+): AlgorithmOps<FixedWindowState> {
+  const context = "fixed window";
+  assertPositiveInteger(context, "limit", limit);
+  assertPositiveFinite(context, "window", window);
+  return {
+    limit,
+    create(now) {
+      return { count: 0, windowStart: now };
+    },
+    advance(state, now) {
+      if (now - state.windowStart >= window) {
+        state.count = 0;
+        state.windowStart = state.windowStart +
+          Math.floor((now - state.windowStart) / window) * window;
+      }
+    },
+    tryConsume(state, cost, _now) {
+      if (state.count + cost > limit) return false;
+      state.count += cost;
+      return true;
+    },
+    wouldAllow(state, cost, _now) {
+      return state.count + cost <= limit;
+    },
+    result(state, ok, cost, now) {
+      return {
+        ok,
+        remaining: Math.max(0, limit - state.count),
+        resetAt: state.windowStart + window,
+        retryAfter: ok ? 0 : this.computeRetryAfter(state, cost, now),
+        limit,
+      };
+    },
+    computeRetryAfter(state, _cost, now) {
+      return state.windowStart + window - now;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// --- Sliding Window ---
+
+/** State for the sliding-window algorithm: segment counter and current segment start time. */
+export interface SlidingWindowState {
+  counter: RollingCounter;
+  segmentStart: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates ops for the sliding-window algorithm. Callers must pass valid parameters.
+ *
+ * @param limit Maximum permits per window. Must be a positive integer.
+ * @param window Window duration in milliseconds. Must be a positive finite number.
+ * @param segmentsPerWindow Number of segments. Must be an integer >= 2.
+ * @returns Algorithm ops for sliding-window rate limiting.
+ */
+export function createSlidingWindowOps(
+  limit: number,
+  window: number,
+  segmentsPerWindow: number,
+): AlgorithmOps<SlidingWindowState> {
+  const context = "sliding window";
+  assertPositiveInteger(context, "limit", limit);
+  assertPositiveFinite(context, "window", window);
+  if (!Number.isInteger(segmentsPerWindow) || segmentsPerWindow < 2) {
+    throw new RangeError(
+      `Cannot create ${context}: 'segmentsPerWindow' must be an integer >= 2, received ${segmentsPerWindow}`,
+    );
+  }
+  if (window % segmentsPerWindow !== 0) {
+    throw new RangeError(
+      `Cannot create ${context}: 'window' (${window}) must be evenly divisible by 'segmentsPerWindow' (${segmentsPerWindow})`,
+    );
+  }
+  const segmentDuration = window / segmentsPerWindow;
+
+  return {
+    limit,
+    create(now) {
+      return {
+        counter: new RollingCounter(segmentsPerWindow),
+        segmentStart: now,
+      };
+    },
+    advance(state, now) {
+      const elapsed = now - state.segmentStart;
+      if (elapsed >= segmentDuration) {
+        const rotations = Math.floor(elapsed / segmentDuration);
+        state.counter.rotate(rotations);
+        state.segmentStart += rotations * segmentDuration;
+      }
+    },
+    tryConsume(state, cost, _now) {
+      if (state.counter.total + cost > limit) return false;
+      state.counter.increment(cost);
+      return true;
+    },
+    wouldAllow(state, cost, _now) {
+      return state.counter.total + cost <= limit;
+    },
+    result(state, ok, cost, now) {
+      return {
+        ok,
+        remaining: Math.max(0, limit - state.counter.total),
+        resetAt: state.segmentStart + segmentDuration,
+        retryAfter: ok ? 0 : this.computeRetryAfter(state, cost, now),
+        limit,
+      };
+    },
+    computeRetryAfter(state, _cost, now) {
+      return state.segmentStart + segmentDuration - now;
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// --- Token Bucket ---
+
+/** State for the token-bucket algorithm: current tokens and last refill time. */
+export interface TokenBucketState {
+  tokens: number;
+  lastRefill: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates ops for the token-bucket algorithm. Callers must pass valid parameters.
+ *
+ * @param limit Maximum tokens (bucket capacity). Must be a positive integer.
+ * @param window Refill cycle duration in milliseconds. Must be a positive finite number.
+ * @param tokensPerPeriod Tokens added per replenishment period. Must be a positive integer.
+ * @returns Algorithm ops for token-bucket rate limiting.
+ */
+export function createTokenBucketOps(
+  limit: number,
+  window: number,
+  tokensPerPeriod: number,
+): AlgorithmOps<TokenBucketState> {
+  const context = "token bucket";
+  assertPositiveInteger(context, "limit", limit);
+  assertPositiveFinite(context, "window", window);
+  assertPositiveInteger(context, "tokensPerPeriod", tokensPerPeriod);
+  return {
+    limit,
+    create(now) {
+      return { tokens: limit, lastRefill: now };
+    },
+    advance(state, now) {
+      const elapsed = now - state.lastRefill;
+      if (elapsed >= window) {
+        const cycles = Math.floor(elapsed / window);
+        state.tokens = Math.min(limit, state.tokens + cycles * tokensPerPeriod);
+        state.lastRefill += cycles * window;
+      }
+    },
+    tryConsume(state, cost, _now) {
+      if (state.tokens < cost) return false;
+      state.tokens -= cost;
+      return true;
+    },
+    wouldAllow(state, cost, _now) {
+      return state.tokens >= cost;
+    },
+    result(state, ok, cost, now) {
+      const remaining = Math.max(0, Math.floor(state.tokens));
+      return {
+        ok,
+        remaining,
+        resetAt: state.lastRefill + window,
+        retryAfter: ok ? 0 : this.computeRetryAfter(state, cost, now),
+        limit,
+      };
+    },
+    computeRetryAfter(state, cost, now) {
+      const deficit = cost - state.tokens;
+      const cycles = Math.ceil(deficit / tokensPerPeriod);
+      return Math.max(0, cycles * window - (now - state.lastRefill));
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+// --- GCRA (Generic Cell Rate Algorithm) ---
+
+/** State for GCRA: theoretical arrival time (tat) of the last request. */
+export interface GcraState {
+  tat: number;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates ops for the GCRA (Generic Cell Rate Algorithm). Callers must pass valid parameters.
+ *
+ * @param limit Maximum permits per window. Must be a positive integer.
+ * @param window Window (tau) in milliseconds. Must be a positive finite number.
+ * @returns Algorithm ops for GCRA rate limiting.
+ */
+export function createGcraOps(
+  limit: number,
+  window: number,
+): AlgorithmOps<GcraState> {
+  const context = "gcra";
+  assertPositiveInteger(context, "limit", limit);
+  assertPositiveFinite(context, "window", window);
+  const emissionInterval = window / limit;
+  const tau = window;
+
+  function remaining(state: GcraState, now: number): number {
+    const diff = tau - (state.tat - now);
+    return Math.min(limit, Math.max(0, Math.floor(diff / emissionInterval)));
+  }
+
+  return {
+    limit,
+    create(now) {
+      return { tat: now };
+    },
+    advance(_state, _now) {},
+    tryConsume(state: GcraState, cost: number, now: number) {
+      const allowAt = state.tat - tau;
+      if (now < allowAt) return false;
+      const newTat = Math.max(state.tat, now) + emissionInterval * cost;
+      if (newTat - now > tau) return false;
+      state.tat = newTat;
+      return true;
+    },
+    wouldAllow(state: GcraState, cost: number, now: number) {
+      const allowAt = state.tat - tau;
+      if (now < allowAt) return false;
+      const newTat = Math.max(state.tat, now) + emissionInterval * cost;
+      return newTat - now <= tau;
+    },
+    result(state, ok, cost, now) {
+      return {
+        ok,
+        remaining: remaining(state, now),
+        resetAt: state.tat,
+        retryAfter: ok ? 0 : this.computeRetryAfter(state, cost, now),
+        limit,
+      };
+    },
+    computeRetryAfter(state, cost, now) {
+      const allowAt = state.tat - tau;
+      if (now < allowAt) return allowAt - now;
+      const newTat = Math.max(state.tat, now) + emissionInterval * cost;
+      return Math.max(0, newTat - tau - now);
+    },
+  };
+}