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dmgcodevil merged 4 commits into from
Mar 8, 2026
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update operation #29

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6c8676e
update operation
dmgcodevil Mar 7, 2026
92b232f
update operation tests
dmgcodevil Mar 7, 2026
e507ed7
move shard, shard manager and snapshot_manager to individual files.
dmgcodevil Mar 8, 2026
8c6fb61
update with match
dmgcodevil Mar 8, 2026
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3 changes: 2 additions & 1 deletion CMakeLists.txt
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Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
Expand Up @@ -223,10 +223,11 @@ add_library(core
src/query_execution.cpp
src/join.cpp
src/row.cpp
src/shard.cpp
src/storage.cpp
src/metadata.cpp
src/file_utils.cpp
src/snapshot.cpp
src/snapshot_manager.cpp
src/edge_store.cpp
src/table_info.cpp
src/utils.cpp
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18 changes: 17 additions & 1 deletion antlr/TundraQL.g4
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
grammar TundraQL;

// Entry point for parsing a full command
statement: createSchemaStatement | createNodeStatement | createEdgeStatement | matchStatement | deleteStatement | commitStatement | showStatement EOF;
statement: createSchemaStatement | createNodeStatement | createEdgeStatement | matchStatement | deleteStatement | updateStatement | commitStatement | showStatement EOF;

// --- Schema Definition ---
createSchemaStatement: K_CREATE K_SCHEMA IDENTIFIER LPAREN schemaFieldList RPAREN SEMI;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -47,6 +47,20 @@ edgeDeleteTarget:
| K_EDGE IDENTIFIER K_TO nodeSelector // DELETE EDGE edge_type TO node;
| K_EDGE IDENTIFIER K_FROM nodeSelector K_TO nodeSelector; // DELETE EDGE edge_type FROM node TO node;

// --- Update Statement ---
// UPDATE User(0) SET name = "Bob", age = 31;
// UPDATE (u:User) SET u.age = 31 WHERE u.name = "Alice";
// UPDATE MATCH (u:User)-[:WORKS_AT]->(c:Company) SET u.employed = true, c.size = 1 WHERE c.name = "Acme";
updateStatement: K_UPDATE updateTarget K_SET setClause (K_WHERE whereClause)? SEMI;

updateTarget:
nodeLocator // UPDATE User(0) SET ...;
| K_MATCH patternList // UPDATE MATCH (u:User)-[:WORKS_AT]->(c:Company) SET ...;
| nodePattern; // UPDATE (u:User) SET ... WHERE ...;

setClause: setAssignment (COMMA setAssignment)*;
setAssignment: IDENTIFIER (DOT IDENTIFIER)? EQ value;

// --- Commit Statement ---
commitStatement: K_COMMIT SEMI;

Expand Down Expand Up @@ -106,6 +120,8 @@ K_RIGHT: 'RIGHT';
K_FULL: 'FULL';
K_AND: 'AND';
K_OR: 'OR';
K_UPDATE: 'UPDATE';
K_SET: 'SET';
K_COMMIT: 'COMMIT';
K_UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE';
K_SHOW: 'SHOW';
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125 changes: 124 additions & 1 deletion docs/tundraql.html
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Expand Up @@ -129,13 +129,15 @@ <h4>Statements</h4>
<a href="#node">CREATE NODE</a>
<a href="#edge">CREATE EDGE</a>
<a href="#match">MATCH</a>
<a href="#update">UPDATE</a>
<a href="#delete">DELETE</a>
<a href="#commit">COMMIT</a>
<a href="#show">SHOW</a>
<div class="sep"></div>
<h4>Clauses</h4>
<a href="#where">WHERE</a>
<a href="#select">SELECT</a>
<a href="#set">SET</a>
<a href="#joins">JOIN Types</a>
<div class="sep"></div>
<h4>Reference</h4>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -300,6 +302,85 @@ <h2 id="delete">DELETE</h2>
<span class="kw">DELETE EDGE</span> <span class="edge-type">works_at</span> <span class="kw">TO</span> <span class="alias">Company</span>(<span class="num">0</span>);</code></pre>
</div>

<!-- ========== UPDATE ========== -->
<h2 id="update">UPDATE</h2>
<p>Modifies field values on existing nodes. Supports three forms: <strong>by ID</strong> (direct), <strong>by pattern</strong> (single schema + optional <code>WHERE</code>), and <strong>by MATCH</strong> (traversals / joins + optional <code>WHERE</code>).</p>

<h3>Form 1 — Update by ID</h3>
<p>Targets a single node using <code>Schema(id)</code>. Field names are bare (no alias prefix).</p>

<div class="syntax-block">
<div class="label">Syntax <span class="tag">DML</span></div>
<pre><code><span class="kw">UPDATE</span> <span class="alias">Schema</span>(<span class="num">id</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">field</span> = <span class="str">value</span> [, <span class="alias">field</span> = <span class="str">value</span> ...] ;</code></pre>
</div>

<div class="syntax-block">
<div class="label">Examples</div>
<pre><code><span class="cmt">// Update a single field</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE</span> <span class="alias">User</span>(<span class="num">0</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">age</span> = <span class="num">31</span>;

<span class="cmt">// Update multiple fields at once (creates one version)</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE</span> <span class="alias">User</span>(<span class="num">0</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">name</span> = <span class="str">"Alice B."</span>, <span class="alias">age</span> = <span class="num">31</span>;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3>Form 2 — Update by Pattern</h3>
<p>Uses a node pattern <code>(alias:Schema)</code> with an optional <code>WHERE</code> clause to match nodes. Field names must be alias-qualified (<code>alias.field</code>).</p>

<div class="syntax-block">
<div class="label">Syntax <span class="tag">DML</span></div>
<pre><code><span class="kw">UPDATE</span> (<span class="alias">alias</span>:<span class="type">Schema</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">alias</span>.<span class="alias">field</span> = <span class="str">value</span> [, ...]
[<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">alias</span>.<span class="alias">field</span> <span class="op">op</span> <span class="str">value</span>] ;</code></pre>
</div>

<div class="syntax-block">
<div class="label">Examples</div>
<pre><code><span class="cmt">// Update all users named Alice</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE</span> (<span class="alias">u</span>:<span class="type">User</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">age</span> = <span class="num">31</span>
<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="str">"Alice"</span>;

<span class="cmt">// Update with compound condition</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE</span> (<span class="alias">u</span>:<span class="type">User</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> = <span class="str">"Senior"</span>
<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">age</span> <span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="num">30</span> <span class="kw">AND</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">age</span> <span class="op">&lt;</span> <span class="num">50</span>;

<span class="cmt">// Update all nodes of a schema (no WHERE)</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE</span> (<span class="alias">u</span>:<span class="type">User</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">age</span> = <span class="num">0</span>;</code></pre>
</div>

<h3>Form 3 — Update by MATCH (traversals / joins)</h3>
<p>Uses a full <code>MATCH</code> pattern with traversals to find nodes across multiple schemas, then applies <code>SET</code> assignments. Field names must be alias-qualified. Multiple schemas can be updated in a single statement.</p>

<div class="syntax-block">
<div class="label">Syntax <span class="tag">DML</span></div>
<pre><code><span class="kw">UPDATE MATCH</span> (<span class="alias">a</span>:<span class="type">Schema1</span>)-[:<span class="edge-type">EDGE_TYPE</span>]-&gt;(<span class="alias">b</span>:<span class="type">Schema2</span>)
<span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">a</span>.<span class="alias">field</span> = <span class="str">value</span> [, <span class="alias">b</span>.<span class="alias">field</span> = <span class="str">value</span> ...]
[<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">alias</span>.<span class="alias">field</span> <span class="op">op</span> <span class="str">value</span>] ;</code></pre>
</div>

<div class="syntax-block">
<div class="label">Examples</div>
<pre><code><span class="cmt">// Update both user and company for a traversal</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE MATCH</span> (<span class="alias">u</span>:<span class="type">User</span>)-[:<span class="edge-type">WORKS_AT</span>]-&gt;(<span class="alias">c</span>:<span class="type">Company</span>)
<span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">employed</span> = <span class="num">true</span>, <span class="alias">c</span>.<span class="alias">size</span> = <span class="num">1</span>
<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">c</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="str">"Acme Corp"</span>;

<span class="cmt">// Update only one side of the relationship</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE MATCH</span> (<span class="alias">u</span>:<span class="type">User</span>)-[:<span class="edge-type">WORKS_AT</span>]-&gt;(<span class="alias">c</span>:<span class="type">Company</span>)
<span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">status</span> = <span class="str">"employed"</span>
<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">c</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="str">"Google"</span>;

<span class="cmt">// Same-schema traversal (e.g. friends)</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE MATCH</span> (<span class="alias">a</span>:<span class="type">User</span>)-[:<span class="edge-type">FRIEND</span>]-&gt;(<span class="alias">b</span>:<span class="type">User</span>)
<span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">a</span>.<span class="alias">has_friend</span> = <span class="num">true</span>, <span class="alias">b</span>.<span class="alias">has_friend</span> = <span class="num">true</span>;</code></pre>
</div>

<div class="info-box">
<strong>Versioning:</strong> When multiple fields are updated in a single <code>SET</code> clause, TundraDB creates <strong>one version</strong> for the entire batch — not one per field.
</div>

<div class="warn-box">
<strong>Pattern/MATCH forms require alias prefix:</strong> <code>SET age = 31</code> is only valid in the by-ID form. In pattern and MATCH forms you must write <code>SET u.age = 31</code>.
</div>

<!-- ========== COMMIT ========== -->
<h2 id="commit">COMMIT</h2>
<p>Persists the current database state to disk (Parquet files + JSON metadata).</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -360,6 +441,37 @@ <h2 id="select">SELECT Clause</h2>
<span class="kw">SELECT</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="kw">AS</span> <span class="alias">employee</span>, <span class="alias">c</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="kw">AS</span> <span class="alias">company</span>, <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">age</span>;</code></pre>
</div>

<!-- ========== SET ========== -->
<h2 id="set">SET Clause</h2>
<p>Specifies field assignments in an <code>UPDATE</code> statement. Comma-separated list of <code>field = value</code> pairs.</p>

<div class="syntax-block">
<div class="label">Syntax</div>
<pre><code><span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">field</span> = <span class="str">value</span> [, <span class="alias">field</span> = <span class="str">value</span> ...]</code></pre>
</div>

<table class="type-table">
<tr>
<th>Update Form</th>
<th>Field Name Format</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>By ID</td>
<td>Bare name</td>
<td><code>SET name = "Alice", age = 31</code></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>By Pattern</td>
<td>Alias-qualified</td>
<td><code>SET u.name = "Alice", u.age = 31</code></td>
</tr>
</table>

<div class="info-box">
<strong>Batch semantics:</strong> All assignments in a single <code>SET</code> clause are applied atomically — one version is created per node, regardless of how many fields are changed.
</div>

<!-- ========== JOIN TYPES ========== -->
<h2 id="joins">JOIN Types</h2>
<p>Specified inside the edge pattern <code>-[:EDGE_TYPE <em>JOIN</em>]-></code>. Controls how unmatched nodes are handled.</p>
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -481,7 +593,18 @@ <h2 id="patterns">Pattern Syntax Reference</h2>
<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="str">"Alice"</span> <span class="kw">AND</span> <span class="alias">c</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="str">"Google"</span>
<span class="kw">SELECT</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="kw">AS</span> <span class="alias">user</span>, <span class="alias">f</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="kw">AS</span> <span class="alias">friend</span>, <span class="alias">c</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="kw">AS</span> <span class="alias">company</span>;

<span class="cmt">// 5. Persist</span>
<span class="cmt">// 5. Update: Alice turned 31</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE</span> <span class="alias">User</span>(<span class="num">0</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">age</span> = <span class="num">31</span>;

<span class="cmt">// 6. Bulk update: set all users older than 30 to "Senior"</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE</span> (<span class="alias">u</span>:<span class="type">User</span>) <span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> = <span class="str">"Senior"</span> <span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">age</span> <span class="op">&gt;</span> <span class="num">30</span>;

<span class="cmt">// 7. Update with MATCH (traversal) — set employed flag for Google employees</span>
<span class="kw">UPDATE MATCH</span> (<span class="alias">u</span>:<span class="type">User</span>)-[:<span class="edge-type">works_at</span>]-&gt;(<span class="alias">c</span>:<span class="type">Company</span>)
<span class="kw">SET</span> <span class="alias">u</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> = <span class="str">"Employed"</span>
<span class="kw">WHERE</span> <span class="alias">c</span>.<span class="alias">name</span> <span class="op">=</span> <span class="str">"Google"</span>;

<span class="cmt">// 8. Persist</span>
<span class="kw">COMMIT</span>;</code></pre>
</div>

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