This repository contains code used in the paper:
Maeda, H. and Lu, Y., (EK) (2025), Finding Words Associated with DIF: Predicting Differential Item Functioning Using LLMs and Explainable AI. Journal of Educational Measurement, 62(4), 883-906. https://doi.org/10.1111/jedm.70017
In our paper, we ran scripts numbered 0_ to 5_ in order. Scripts 2_ and 4_ are the most important for replicating our 3-category modeling approach. Data are not included as they are confidential.