fix(pty): update Node to 24.21 for upstream Linux EOF fix (VC-639)

[hussainph]

Summary

• Pin .nvmrc and the host image to 24.21.0, the newest 24.x release in Node's release index. Update the image's tag and verified multi-arch digest together: sha256:0e0ff40c39bc087845bfb27465a0df4ea419520094bc35842ff83dd8cbe6f9b6.
• Raise the supported floor to ^24.16.0, retaining the repository's caret/24.x convention. Keep engineStrict, development diagnostics, README, contributing/build docs, and host packaging docs consistent. Workflows already use .nvmrc or the root manifest; no explicit workflow version needs changing. hostd packages that exact Node binary.
• Keep the real-shell 200kB output + UTF-8 tail before exit regression and the original bye-8 assertion unchanged.
• vp run --filter @volli/docs check — 0 errors/warnings/hints.

Testing

Original validation includes vp check, git diff --check.

[coderabbitai]

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