Linux Backup using rsync

doc/source/operatingsystem_support/linux_support/linux_backup_rsync.rst

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+==============================
+How to Create Backups on Linux
+==============================
+
+There are various different methods to creating backups on Linux and also may
+be dependent on your distribution as well as your preferences. Some of these
+include Tar, DD, Gnome Disk Utility, Acrois True Image, Norton Ghost for
+inux, and CloneZilla to name a few. However in this article, we will be using
+rsync as our example.
+
+Please note that the majority of the information in this article was gathered from
+`SpiceWorks <https://community.spiceworks.com/how_to/114945-centos-7-backup-and-restore>`_.
+I have condensed or removed parts that were either to long, unnecessary, or
+irrelevant to just doing a backup. I have also put additional examples and a
+few links to help with understanding how some of the options work.
+
+ **Install rysnc**
+
+- **Redhat/CentOS**
+
+ ::
+
+      yum install rsync
+
+- **Ubuntu**
+
+ ::
+
+      apt-get install rysnc
+
+ **Running rsync one time backup**
+
+ Here you will need to specify source, `option <https://www.computerhope.com/unix/rsync.htm>`_, and destination.
+
+- Ex::
+
+    rsync [OPTION] … SRC … [USER@]HOST:DEST
+    rsync [OPTION] … [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]
+
+ So in order to back up the entire system while excluding unneeded, you would run the following.
+ /* being the source directory and all sub-directories and /home/user/backup being the destination.
+
+ ::
+
+    rsync -aAXv --exclude={"/dev/*","/proc/*","/sys/*","/tmp/*","/run/*","/mnt/*","/media/*","/lost+found","/home/user/backup"} /*
+    /home/user/backup
+
+ **Automatic Backups**
+
+ If you want to run backups automatically, the best way to do that would be to set this up through Cron job.
+
+- Please note that SSH key pair is required for this to run automatically.
+
+**Compress and move the files to another server**
+
+ Compress using tar with the appropriate `options <https://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/>`_. You will want to put
+ this into another directory so that tar does not include the .tar file in the archive.
+
+ ::
+
+    cd /home/user/backup
+    tar zcvf /home/user/server-backup.tar ./
+
+**Copy the .tar to another Linux machine using scp**
+
+ ::
+
+    scp /home/user/server-backup.tar
+    user@ipaddress:/locationofdestination/server-backup.tar
+
+ Alternatively you can also use an application such as `WinSCP <https://winscp.net/eng/download.php>`_ to download the file to your
+ Windows desktop.
+
+**Restore your Backup**
+
+Once you have re-installed your OS has been reinstalled, you can copy the file back to the server and extract your files.
+
+1. Copy your files to your server either using `WinSCP <https://winscp.net/eng/download.php>`_ or SCP. SCP ex. below.
+
+ ::
+
+    scp user@ipaddress:/locationofdestination/server-backup.tar /mnt
+
+2. Extract the tar archive to /mnt with the appropriate `options <https://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/>`_.
+
+ ::
+
+    tar xvf /mnt/server-backup.tar
+
+3. Create a /BOOT folder and mount /dev/sda1 to it and move files from /mnt/boot to /BOOT.
+
+ ::
+
+    mkdir /BOOT
+    mount /dev/sda1 /BOOT
+    mv /mnt/boot/* /BOOT/
+
+4. Unmount /BOOT/
+
+ ::
+
+    umount /BOOT/
+
+**Mount the required folders and chroot into /mnt**
+
+ ::
+
+    mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/
+    mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
+    mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
+    mount --bind /proc/ /mnt/proc
+    chroot /mnt/
+
+**Install grub**
+
+- **Redhat/CentOS**
+
+ ::
+
+     grub2-install /dev/sda
+
+- **Ubuntu**
+
+ ::
+
+    grub-install /dev/sda
+    grub-update
+
+**Updating fstab**
+ After moving everything over, the UUID for the boot partition will need to be changed in fstab.
+
+1. Find the new UUID with
+
+ ::
+
+    blkid /dev/sda1
+
+ Ex Output:
+
+ ::
+
+    /dev/sda1: UUID="05221ad7-e319-4339-bb54-36b40f3b1b04" TYPE="xfs"
+
+2. Open /etc/fstab with a text editor and comment out (#) out the old UUID then add your new UUID.
+
+ Ex::
+
+    /dev/mapper/centos-root / xfs defaults 1 1
+    #UUID=49eb6416-2512-4129-a4be-f043c45561d5 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
+    /dev/mapper/centos-swap swap swap defaults 0 0
+    UUID=05221ad7-e319-4339-bb54-36b40f3b1b04 /boot xfs defaults 1 2
+
+**Regenerate grub config file**
+
+ ::
+
+    grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
+
+**Exit chroot and unmount the folders**
+
+ ::
+
+    exit
+    umount /mnt/dev/
+    umount /mnt/sys/
+    umount /mnt/proc/
+    umount /mnt/boot/
+
+**Network interface and MAC address**
+
+- **Redhat/CentOS**
+
+ Your interface and MAC address so you will need to reconfigure your network config file. Using either ip addr or ifconfig -a you should
+ find the correct network adapter name as well as the mac address.
+
+ ::
+
+    [root@test ~]# ifconfig -a
+    eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
+        inet 162.253.43.58  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 162.253.43.255
+        inet6 2607:ff68:100:a::a0  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0<global>
+        inet6 fe80::f816:3eff:fe89:5069  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
+        ether fa:16:3e:89:50:69  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
+        RX packets 10756  bytes 12185686 (11.6 MiB)
+        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
+        TX packets 10015  bytes 603201 (589.0 KiB)
+        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
+
+ Once you get the correct MAC and network name, you can edit your config file accordingly. I typically just remove the MAC address all
+ together as it isn't required and just change the device name in the config file.
+
+ Here we see the configuration file is named eth0
+
+ ::
+
+    cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
+    [root@test network-scripts]# ls
+    ifcfg-eth0       ifdown-post      ifup-bnep   ifup-routes
+    ifcfg-eth0-ipv6  ifdown-ppp       ifup-eth    ifup-sit
+    ifcfg-lo         ifdown-routes    ifup-ippp   ifup-Team
+    ifdown           ifdown-sit       ifup-ipv6   ifup-TeamPort
+    ifdown-bnep      ifdown-Team      ifup-isdn   ifup-tunnel
+    ifdown-eth       ifdown-TeamPort  ifup-plip   ifup-wireless
+    ifdown-ippp      ifdown-tunnel    ifup-plusb  init.ipv6-global
+    ifdown-ipv6      ifup             ifup-post   network-functions
+    ifdown-isdn      ifup-aliases     ifup-ppp    network-functions-ipv6
+
+ You'll want to open the config file in a text editor (i.e. vi, vim, nano), change the MAC address to the new one or remove it
+ completely. Below I have commented(#) it out as this disables it. You will also want to change the DEVICE name accordingly.
+
+ ::
+
+    [root@test network-scripts]#nano ifcfg-eth0
+    BOOTPROTO=static
+    DEVICE=eth0
+    #HWADDR=fa:16:3e:89:50:69
+    ONBOOT=yes
+    TYPE=Ethernet
+    IPADDR=192.168.90.3
+    NETMASK=255.255.255.252
+    GATEWAY=192.168.92.2
+    DNS1=208.115.254.242
+    DNS2=208.115.254.250
+
+ If you want to go back to using eth0 modify the /etc/default/grub file and include
+
+ ::
+
+    net.ifnames=0
+
+ at the end of
+
+ ::
+
+    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=
+
+ After that run
+
+ ::
+
+    grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg
+    reboot
+
+- **Ubuntu**
+
+ On Ubuntu your network config will also likely need to be modified to work correctly. Use the following to find the following network
+ devices and configure accordingly.
+
+ ::
+
+    sudo lshw -C network
+
+ Then modify the hardware address in
+
+ ::
+
+    /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
+
+ If that doesn't help modify grub to include this at the end
+
+ ::
+
+    biosdevname=0
+
+ at the end of
+
+ ::
+
+    GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=
+
+ After that run
+
+ ::
+
+    grub-update
+    reboot
+
+**Sources:**
+
+ https://community.spiceworks.com/how_to/114945-centos-7-backup-and-restore
+
+ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rsync
+
+ https://www.maketecheasier.com/back-up-entire-hard-drive-linux/
+
+ https://www.computerhope.com/unix/rsync.htm
+
+ https://www.tecmint.com/18-tar-command-examples-in-linux/
+
+ https://www.cubebackup.com/blog/automatic-backup-linux-using-rsync-crontab/
+
+
+.. disqus::