🚸 Add dev container

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

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+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/devcontainers/base:ubuntu-24.04
+
+# Installs the basic underlying framework
+RUN apt-get -y update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends clang clangd clang-tools lld
+
+# Copy uv and uvx binaries from the official image and make them accessible to all users
+COPY --from=ghcr.io/astral-sh/uv:latest /uv /uvx /usr/local/bin/
+
+# Store tool binaries and environments in system-wide locations
+ENV UV_TOOL_BIN_DIR=/usr/local/bin
+ENV UV_TOOL_DIR=/opt/uv/tools
+
+# Install the latest versions of cmake, ninja, lit, and prek as tools
+RUN uv tool install cmake && \
+    uv tool install ninja && \
+    uv tool install prek
+
+# Downloads and installs a prebuilt LLVM/MLIR toolchain for the current OS and architecture
+RUN curl -LsSf https://github.com/munich-quantum-software/setup-mlir/releases/latest/download/setup-mlir.sh \
+    | bash -s -- -v 22.1.7 -p /opt/llvm

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

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+{
+  "name": "MQT Core",
+  "build": {
+    "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+    "context": "."
+  },
+  "postCreateCommand": "prek install",
+  "remoteEnv": {
+    "UV_PYTHON": "3.14",
+    "MLIR_DIR": "/opt/llvm/lib/cmake/mlir"
+  },
+  "customizations": {
+    "vscode": {
+      "extensions": [
+        "llvm-vs-code-extensions.vscode-clangd",
+        "llvm-vs-code-extensions.vscode-mlir",
+        "ms-vscode.cmake-tools"
+      ],
+      "settings": {
+        "clangd.arguments": [
+          "--compile-commands-dir=${workspaceFolder}/build/release"
+        ],
+        "clangd.path": "clangd"
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}