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Align bench iteration macros between component and API benchmarks#1121

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hanno-becker merged 1 commit into
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test_iter_fixup
May 18, 2026
Merged

Align bench iteration macros between component and API benchmarks#1121
hanno-becker merged 1 commit into
mainfrom
test_iter_fixup

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The API-level benchmarks test/bench/bench_mldsa.c use the macros MLD_BENCHMARK_{NTESTS, NWARMUP, NITERATIONS} to control the setup and iterations to be conducted for the benchmark.

Inconsistently, the component-level benchmarks use plain NWARMUP, NITERATIONS, NTESTS for the benchmark configuration. In particular, platform-specific adjustments as done e.g. in test/baremetal/platform/m33-an524/platform.mk do not apply to the component benchmarks.

Adjust the component-level benchmarks to use the same macros MLD_BENCHMARK_{NWARMUP, NITERATIONS, NTESTS} to configure the setup and iteration count for the component benchmarks.

@hanno-becker hanno-becker requested a review from a team as a code owner May 18, 2026 04:08
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oqs-bot commented May 18, 2026

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (198 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** 1530s 1558s -1.8%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 181s 181s +0%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 133s 133s +0%
rej_uniform_native 109s 111s -2%
mld_invntt_layer 105s 104s +1%
mld_ct_memcmp 68s 67s +1%
mld_ntt_layer 42s 44s -5%
sign_verify_internal 38s 36s +6%
fqmul 28s 30s -7%
mld_attempt_signature_generation 25s 24s +4%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 22s 21s +5%
rej_uniform 21s 22s -5%
rej_uniform_c 19s 19s +0%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 16s 16s +0%
poly_chknorm_c 16s 15s +7%
polyeta_unpack 16s 20s -20%
polyveck_decompose 16s 15s +7%
polyt0_unpack 14s 13s +8%
mld_check_pct 11s 11s +0%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 11s 12s -8%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 9s 11s -18%
poly_add 9s 12s -25%
poly_caddq_c 9s 9s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 9s 9s +0%
poly_power2round 9s 10s -10%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 9s 11s -18%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 9s 5s +80%
compute_pack_t0_t1 8s 10s -20%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 8s 8s +0%
polyvecl_ntt 8s 9s -11%
sign 8s 9s -11%
mld_compute_pack_z 7s 7s +0%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 7s 7s +0%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 7s 6s +17%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 7s 9s -22%
poly_challenge 7s 3s +133%
polyveck_reduce 7s 7s +0%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 6s 3s +100%
pack_sig_c 6s 3s +100%
polyveck_chknorm 6s 5s +20%
polyveck_pack_eta 6s 2s +200%
polyz_unpack_c 6s 6s +0%
sign_keypair_internal 6s 4s +50%
sign_pk_from_sk 6s 6s +0%
decompose 5s 4s +25%
intt_native_x86_64 5s 3s +67%
keccak_absorb 5s 5s +0%
keccak_squeeze 5s 1s +400%
mld_sample_s1_s2 5s 7s -29%
poly_decompose_c 5s 5s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 5s 3s +67%
polyvecl_chknorm 5s 4s +25%
sign_verify_extmu 5s 4s +25%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 5s 6s -17%
unpack_sk_s2hat 5s 2s +150%
caddq 4s 2s +100%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 4s 4s +0%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 4s 2s +100%
mld_ct_abs_i32 4s 2s +100%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 4s 1s +300%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 4s 1s +300%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 4s 3s +33%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 4s 3s +33%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 4s 5s -20%
mld_value_barrier_u32 4s 1s +300%
ntt_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
pack_sig_z 4s 4s +0%
pointwise_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
poly_caddq_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 4s 4s +0%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 4s 4s +0%
poly_decompose_native 4s 5s -20%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 4s 4s +0%
poly_ntt_c 4s 3s +33%
poly_shiftl 4s 7s -43%
poly_uniform 4s 2s +100%
poly_use_hint 4s 4s +0%
poly_use_hint_native 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_caddq 4s 7s -43%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 4s 2s +100%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 4s 2s +100%
polyz_unpack 4s 2s +100%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
rej_eta_native 4s 5s -20%
shake128_init 4s 2s +100%
shake256_release 4s 3s +33%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 4s 1s +300%
sign_open 4s 3s +33%
sign_signature 4s 3s +33%
sign_signature_extmu 4s 5s -20%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 4s 3s +33%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 4s 5s -20%
sign_verify 4s 2s +100%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 4s 5s -20%
sys_check_capability 4s 3s +33%
intt_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
keccak_finalize 3s 1s +200%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 3s 2s +50%
mld_h 3s 4s -25%
montgomery_reduce 3s 2s +50%
ntt_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
pack_sig_h 3s 3s +0%
pack_sk_s1 3s 2s +50%
pointwise_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq 3s 3s +0%
poly_chknorm 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose 3s 1s +200%
poly_invntt_tomont 3s 3s +0%
poly_ntt_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 3s 5s -40%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_reduce 3s 2s +50%
poly_sub 3s 2s +50%
poly_uniform_eta 3s 4s -25%
poly_use_hint_c 3s 5s -40%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
polyt0_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyt1_unpack 3s 5s -40%
polyvec_matrix_expand 3s 2s +50%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 3s 2s +50%
polyveck_ntt 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pack_eta 3s 4s -25%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_unpack_z 3s 4s -25%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
rej_eta_c 3s 6s -50%
shake128_release 3s 3s +0%
shake256 3s 3s +0%
shake256_init 3s 5s -40%
shake256_squeeze 3s 3s +0%
sig_unpack_hints 3s 3s +0%
sign_keypair 3s 5s -40%
sign_signature_internal 3s 4s -25%
unpack_pk_t1 3s 5s -40%
unpack_sk 3s 4s -25%
use_hint 3s 3s +0%
fqscale 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 2s 4s -50%
keccak_init 2s 5s -60%
keccakf1600_permute 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 2s 4s -50%
keccakf1600x4_permute 2s 4s -50%
make_hint 2s 1s +100%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 2s 5s -60%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_sel_int32 2s 2s +0%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 2s 5s -60%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 2s 3s -33%
mld_value_barrier_u8 2s 4s -50%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 2s 3s -33%
poly_chknorm_native 2s 2s +0%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
poly_ntt 2s 6s -67%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 2s 5s -60%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 2s +0%
poly_uniform_4x 2s 4s -50%
poly_uniform_gamma1 2s 4s -50%
polyeta_pack 2s 3s -33%
polyt1_pack 2s 2s +0%
polyveck_pack_w1 2s 3s -33%
polyveck_unpack_eta 2s 2s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 2s 2s +0%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 2s 2s +0%
polyw1_pack 2s 4s -50%
polyz_pack 2s 3s -33%
power2round 2s 3s -33%
reduce32 2s 4s -50%
rej_eta 2s 2s +0%
shake128_absorb 2s 2s +0%
shake128_finalize 2s 2s +0%
shake128_squeeze 2s 4s -50%
shake128x4_absorb_once 2s 2s +0%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 2s 2s +0%
shake256_absorb 2s 2s +0%
shake256_finalize 2s 4s -50%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
unpack_sk_s1hat 2s 3s -33%
unpack_sk_t0hat 2s 3s -33%
yvec_init 2s 4s -50%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 1s 2s -50%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 1s 1s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 1s 3s -67%
mld_value_barrier_i64 1s 2s -50%
polyz_unpack_native 1s 3s -67%
shake256x4_absorb_once 1s 1s +0%
yvec_get_poly 1s 3s -67%

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oqs-bot commented May 18, 2026

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (198 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** 1455s 1411s +3.1%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 173s 164s +5%
rej_uniform_native 105s 108s -3%
mld_invntt_layer 103s 101s +2%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 92s 89s +3%
mld_ct_memcmp 68s 63s +8%
mld_ntt_layer 43s 43s +0%
fqmul 26s 29s -10%
mld_attempt_signature_generation 26s 26s +0%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 21s 23s -9%
sign_verify_internal 21s 20s +5%
rej_uniform 20s 20s +0%
rej_uniform_c 19s 17s +12%
poly_chknorm_c 16s 14s +14%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 15s 15s +0%
mld_check_pct 14s 18s -22%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 13s 9s +44%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 13s 14s -7%
polyeta_unpack 13s 16s -19%
polyt0_unpack 12s 13s -8%
polyveck_chknorm 11s 9s +22%
polyz_unpack_c 11s 13s -15%
poly_add 10s 9s +11%
poly_decompose_c 9s 8s +12%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 9s 7s +29%
sign 9s 6s +50%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 8s 6s +33%
poly_caddq_c 8s 8s +0%
compute_pack_t0_t1 7s 8s -12%
poly_power2round 7s 7s +0%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 7s 7s +0%
sign_verify_extmu 7s 5s +40%
keccak_absorb 6s 7s -14%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 6s 6s +0%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 6s 7s -14%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 6s 5s +20%
poly_ntt_native 6s 2s +200%
poly_uniform_gamma1 6s 3s +100%
polyveck_reduce 6s 8s -25%
polyvecl_chknorm 6s 4s +50%
sign_keypair 6s 5s +20%
sign_keypair_internal 6s 4s +50%
intt_native_aarch64 5s 4s +25%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 5s 5s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 5s 2s +150%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 5s 4s +25%
poly_challenge 5s 3s +67%
poly_shiftl 5s 7s -29%
poly_sub 5s 1s +400%
poly_use_hint_native 5s 2s +150%
polyt0_pack 5s 6s -17%
polyveck_ntt 5s 5s +0%
polyvecl_ntt 5s 2s +150%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 5s 2s +150%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 5s 1s +400%
polyvecl_unpack_z 5s 2s +150%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 5s 2s +150%
sign_pk_from_sk 5s 8s -38%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 5s 3s +67%
unpack_pk_t1 5s 3s +67%
use_hint 5s 2s +150%
caddq 4s 5s -20%
keccak_squeeze 4s 3s +33%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 4s 2s +100%
make_hint 4s 3s +33%
mld_compute_pack_z 4s 6s -33%
mld_h 4s 5s -20%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 4s 2s +100%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 4s 3s +33%
mld_value_barrier_u32 4s 1s +300%
ntt_native_aarch64 4s 5s -20%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
pack_sig_h 4s 3s +33%
pack_sk_s1 4s 6s -33%
poly_caddq 4s 1s +300%
poly_chknorm 4s 3s +33%
poly_chknorm_native 4s 4s +0%
poly_decompose 4s 3s +33%
poly_decompose_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 4s 4s +0%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 4s 1s +300%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_uniform 4s 3s +33%
poly_use_hint 4s 3s +33%
polyeta_pack 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_caddq 4s 4s +0%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 4s 3s +33%
polyvecl_pack_eta 4s 3s +33%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 4s 1s +300%
polyw1_pack 4s 3s +33%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 4s 4s +0%
power2round 4s 2s +100%
shake128_init 4s 2s +100%
shake128_release 4s 1s +300%
shake256 4s 2s +100%
shake256_squeeze 4s 2s +100%
sign_signature_extmu 4s 6s -33%
sign_signature_internal 4s 6s -33%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 4s 4s +0%
unpack_sk_t0hat 4s 1s +300%
yvec_get_poly 4s 3s +33%
fqscale 3s 3s +0%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 3s 3s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 3s 1s +200%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_permute 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_permute 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 3s 4s -25%
mld_sample_s1_s2 3s 6s -50%
ntt_native_x86_64 3s 1s +200%
pack_sig_c 3s 3s +0%
pointwise_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
pointwise_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_ntt 3s 3s +0%
poly_uniform_eta 3s 4s -25%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 3s 5s -40%
poly_use_hint_c 3s 2s +50%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
polyt1_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyt1_unpack 3s 4s -25%
polyvec_matrix_expand 3s 2s +50%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 3s 2s +50%
polyveck_decompose 3s 6s -50%
polyveck_unpack_eta 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 3s 2s +50%
polyz_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyz_unpack_native 3s 3s +0%
rej_eta_c 3s 3s +0%
shake128_absorb 3s 1s +200%
shake128_finalize 3s 2s +50%
shake128x4_absorb_once 3s 2s +50%
shake256_absorb 3s 2s +50%
shake256_finalize 3s 1s +200%
sig_unpack_hints 3s 4s -25%
sign_open 3s 4s -25%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 3s 2s +50%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 3s 4s -25%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 3s 4s -25%
unpack_sk 3s 3s +0%
unpack_sk_s2hat 3s 3s +0%
decompose 2s 1s +100%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 2s 2s +0%
keccak_finalize 2s 4s -50%
keccak_init 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 2s 4s -50%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 2s 5s -60%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 2s 1s +100%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 2s 2s +0%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 2s 3s -33%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 2s 4s -50%
montgomery_reduce 2s 4s -50%
pack_sig_z 2s 3s -33%
poly_caddq_native 2s 2s +0%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
poly_invntt_tomont 2s 5s -60%
poly_ntt_c 2s 4s -50%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 2s +0%
poly_uniform_4x 2s 1s +100%
polyveck_pack_eta 2s 2s +0%
polyz_unpack 2s 4s -50%
reduce32 2s 1s +100%
rej_eta 2s 4s -50%
rej_eta_native 2s 5s -60%
shake256_init 2s 2s +0%
shake256_release 2s 2s +0%
shake256x4_absorb_once 2s 2s +0%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 2s 2s +0%
sign_signature 2s 4s -50%
sign_verify 2s 2s +0%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 2s 2s +0%
sys_check_capability 2s 4s -50%
yvec_init 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 1s 2s -50%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 1s 3s -67%
mld_ct_abs_i32 1s 1s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 1s 3s -67%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 1s 5s -80%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 1s 1s +0%
mld_ct_sel_int32 1s 3s -67%
mld_value_barrier_i64 1s 2s -50%
mld_value_barrier_u8 1s 1s +0%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 1s 4s -75%
poly_reduce 1s 3s -67%
polyveck_pack_w1 1s 3s -67%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 1s 4s -75%
shake128_squeeze 1s 2s -50%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 1s 1s +0%
unpack_sk_s1hat 1s 3s -67%

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oqs-bot commented May 18, 2026

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65, REDUCE-RAM)

Full Results (198 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** 1544s 1563s -1.2%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 180s 179s +1%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 162s 162s +0%
rej_uniform_native 112s 106s +6%
mld_invntt_layer 106s 106s +0%
mld_ct_memcmp 70s 70s +0%
mld_ntt_layer 43s 44s -2%
mld_attempt_signature_generation 30s 30s +0%
fqmul 29s 28s +4%
sign_verify_internal 26s 29s -10%
polyvecl_chknorm 21s 20s +5%
rej_uniform 21s 19s +11%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 20s 23s -13%
rej_uniform_c 20s 18s +11%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 19s 17s +12%
mld_check_pct 14s 16s -12%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 14s 12s +17%
polyveck_decompose 14s 19s -26%
poly_chknorm_c 13s 14s -7%
compute_pack_t0_t1 12s 9s +33%
polyt0_unpack 12s 11s +9%
poly_add 10s 10s +0%
poly_caddq_c 10s 7s +43%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 10s 9s +11%
poly_power2round 9s 7s +29%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 9s 6s +50%
polyvecl_ntt 9s 9s +0%
sign_pk_from_sk 9s 7s +29%
keccak_absorb 8s 8s +0%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 8s 9s -11%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 8s 9s -11%
polyveck_reduce 8s 8s +0%
sign 8s 8s +0%
poly_decompose_c 7s 4s +75%
polyveck_caddq 7s 9s -22%
keccak_squeeze 6s 2s +200%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 6s 3s +100%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 6s 8s -25%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 6s 6s +0%
polyz_unpack_c 6s 8s -25%
sign_keypair 6s 4s +50%
sign_signature_internal 6s 3s +100%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 6s 3s +100%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 6s 3s +100%
intt_native_aarch64 5s 6s -17%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 5s 3s +67%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 5s 2s +150%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 5s 2s +150%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 5s 1s +400%
pointwise_native_aarch64 5s 3s +67%
poly_shiftl 5s 6s -17%
poly_uniform 5s 3s +67%
poly_uniform_gamma1 5s 3s +67%
polyeta_unpack 5s 3s +67%
polyveck_unpack_eta 5s 4s +25%
shake256_finalize 5s 1s +400%
sign_keypair_internal 5s 5s +0%
sign_open 5s 3s +67%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 5s 4s +25%
keccakf1600_permute_native 4s 1s +300%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 4s 3s +33%
mld_compute_pack_z 4s 8s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 4s 2s +100%
mld_h 4s 5s -20%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 4s 5s -20%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 4s 7s -43%
ntt_native_aarch64 4s 5s -20%
pack_sk_s1 4s 4s +0%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 4s 6s -33%
pointwise_native_x86_64 4s 4s +0%
poly_challenge 4s 6s -33%
poly_chknorm_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 4s 4s +0%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 3s +33%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 4s 2s +100%
poly_use_hint 4s 4s +0%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 4s 5s -20%
rej_eta_c 4s 3s +33%
shake128_absorb 4s 3s +33%
shake256x4_absorb_once 4s 2s +100%
sign_signature_extmu 4s 7s -43%
unpack_pk_t1 4s 2s +100%
fqscale 3s 2s +50%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 3s 4s -25%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 3s 1s +200%
mld_ct_sel_int32 3s 2s +50%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 3s 2s +50%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 3s 2s +50%
mld_sample_s1_s2 3s 4s -25%
mld_value_barrier_u32 3s 2s +50%
ntt_native_x86_64 3s 7s -57%
pack_sig_z 3s 3s +0%
poly_chknorm 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
poly_decompose_native 3s 2s +50%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_ntt 3s 3s +0%
poly_ntt_c 3s 4s -25%
poly_ntt_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 3s 2s +50%
poly_reduce 3s 3s +0%
polyeta_pack 3s 4s -25%
polyvec_matrix_expand 3s 2s +50%
polyveck_chknorm 3s 2s +50%
polyveck_ntt 3s 4s -25%
polyveck_pack_eta 3s 1s +200%
polyvecl_pack_eta 3s 1s +200%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 3s 5s -40%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 3s 4s -25%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 3s 4s -25%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 3s 4s -25%
polyw1_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyz_pack 3s 4s -25%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
shake256 3s 1s +200%
shake256_absorb 3s 2s +50%
shake256_init 3s 3s +0%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 3s 6s -50%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 3s 4s -25%
sign_verify 3s 4s -25%
sign_verify_extmu 3s 3s +0%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 3s 5s -40%
sys_check_capability 3s 3s +0%
use_hint 3s 3s +0%
caddq 2s 2s +0%
decompose 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 2s 5s -60%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 2s 3s -33%
keccak_finalize 2s 1s +100%
keccak_init 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600_permute 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 2s 1s +100%
keccakf1600x4_permute 2s 1s +100%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 2s 2s +0%
make_hint 2s 5s -60%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_i64 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_u8 2s 1s +100%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_h 2s 3s -33%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 2s 4s -50%
poly_caddq 2s 2s +0%
poly_caddq_native 2s 2s +0%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 2s 4s -50%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
poly_decompose 2s 2s +0%
poly_invntt_tomont 2s 1s +100%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 2s 4s -50%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 2s 4s -50%
poly_sub 2s 3s -33%
poly_uniform_4x 2s 4s -50%
poly_use_hint_native 2s 4s -50%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 2s 1s +100%
polyt0_pack 2s 5s -60%
polyt1_pack 2s 4s -50%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 2s 3s -33%
polyveck_pack_w1 2s 1s +100%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 2s 4s -50%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 2s 1s +100%
polyz_unpack 2s 3s -33%
polyz_unpack_native 2s 2s +0%
power2round 2s 4s -50%
reduce32 2s 3s -33%
rej_eta 2s 2s +0%
rej_eta_native 2s 4s -50%
shake128_finalize 2s 2s +0%
shake128_init 2s 2s +0%
shake256_release 2s 4s -50%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 2s 3s -33%
sig_unpack_hints 2s 3s -33%
sign_signature 2s 3s -33%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 2s 1s +100%
unpack_sk 2s 4s -50%
unpack_sk_s1hat 2s 2s +0%
unpack_sk_s2hat 2s 5s -60%
unpack_sk_t0hat 2s 4s -50%
yvec_get_poly 2s 5s -60%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 1s 3s -67%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 1s 1s +0%
mld_ct_abs_i32 1s 3s -67%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 1s 2s -50%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 1s 2s -50%
montgomery_reduce 1s 7s -86%
pack_sig_c 1s 4s -75%
poly_use_hint_c 1s 2s -50%
polyt1_unpack 1s 4s -75%
polyvecl_unpack_z 1s 3s -67%
shake128_release 1s 2s -50%
shake128_squeeze 1s 3s -67%
shake128x4_absorb_once 1s 2s -50%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 1s 3s -67%
shake256_squeeze 1s 3s -67%
yvec_init 1s 1s +0%

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oqs-bot commented May 18, 2026

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-87)

Full Results (198 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** 2016s 2037s -1.0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 250s 259s -3%
polyvec_matrix_expand 171s 174s -2%
rej_uniform_native 125s 124s +1%
mld_attempt_signature_generation 98s 101s -3%
mld_invntt_layer 91s 97s -6%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 90s 99s -9%
sign_verify_internal 89s 89s +0%
mld_ct_memcmp 67s 67s +0%
sign_signature_internal 55s 52s +6%
mld_ntt_layer 41s 42s -2%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 36s 38s -5%
fqmul 27s 29s -7%
compute_pack_t0_t1 25s 24s +4%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 25s 24s +4%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 22s 24s -8%
poly_chknorm_c 18s 16s +12%
rej_uniform_c 18s 18s +0%
rej_uniform 17s 16s +6%
polyt0_unpack 15s 14s +7%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 14s 16s -12%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 14s 15s -7%
mld_check_pct 13s 11s +18%
poly_add 13s 10s +30%
poly_uniform_4x 12s 16s -25%
polyeta_unpack 12s 11s +9%
poly_power2round 11s 9s +22%
polyveck_decompose 11s 13s -15%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 10s 9s +11%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 9s 11s -18%
mld_compute_pack_z 9s 8s +12%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 9s 9s +0%
polyveck_ntt 9s 9s +0%
polyz_unpack_c 9s 9s +0%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 8s 6s +33%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 8s 7s +14%
sign 8s 7s +14%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 8s 2s +300%
keccak_absorb 7s 6s +17%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 7s 9s -22%
polyveck_caddq 7s 8s -12%
polyvecl_ntt 7s 6s +17%
sign_pk_from_sk 7s 7s +0%
unpack_sk_t0hat 7s 6s +17%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 6s 3s +100%
poly_decompose_c 6s 4s +50%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 6s 3s +100%
polyeta_pack 6s 3s +100%
polyveck_pack_eta 6s 5s +20%
sig_unpack_hints 6s 5s +20%
sign_keypair_internal 6s 4s +50%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 6s 3s +100%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 5s 4s +25%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 5s 2s +150%
make_hint 5s 2s +150%
mld_h 5s 6s -17%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 5s 5s +0%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 5s 8s -38%
pack_sig_z 5s 5s +0%
poly_challenge 5s 3s +67%
poly_shiftl 5s 6s -17%
poly_uniform 5s 6s -17%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 5s 4s +25%
poly_use_hint_c 5s 6s -17%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 5s 3s +67%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 5s 3s +67%
sign_verify 5s 6s -17%
decompose 4s 5s -20%
fqscale 4s 3s +33%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 4s 2s +100%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 4s 2s +100%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 4s 5s -20%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 4s 4s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 4s 1s +300%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 4s 2s +100%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 4s 3s +33%
mld_sample_s1_s2 4s 10s -60%
mld_value_barrier_u8 4s 2s +100%
ntt_native_aarch64 4s 5s -20%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 4s 2s +100%
pack_sk_s1 4s 4s +0%
poly_chknorm_native 4s 5s -20%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
poly_decompose_native 4s 3s +33%
poly_invntt_tomont 4s 3s +33%
poly_ntt_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 2s +100%
poly_use_hint 4s 3s +33%
poly_use_hint_native 4s 2s +100%
polyt1_pack 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_chknorm 4s 4s +0%
polyveck_reduce 4s 4s +0%
polyvecl_chknorm 4s 5s -20%
polyw1_pack 4s 3s +33%
polyz_unpack 4s 3s +33%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 4s 2s +100%
reduce32 4s 2s +100%
sign_keypair 4s 5s -20%
sign_signature_extmu 4s 4s +0%
sign_verify_extmu 4s 3s +33%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 4s 4s +0%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 4s 2s +100%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 4s 3s +33%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 4s 4s +0%
sys_check_capability 4s 4s +0%
unpack_pk_t1 4s 5s -20%
yvec_get_poly 4s 5s -20%
caddq 3s 2s +50%
intt_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 3s 3s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 3s 1s +200%
keccakf1600x4_permute 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 3s 2s +50%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 3s 3s +0%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 3s 5s -40%
mld_value_barrier_u32 3s 2s +50%
montgomery_reduce 3s 3s +0%
pack_sig_h 3s 4s -25%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 3s 2s +50%
pointwise_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
pointwise_native_x86_64 3s 5s -40%
poly_caddq 3s 3s +0%
poly_caddq_c 3s 5s -40%
poly_chknorm 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_ntt 3s 4s -25%
poly_ntt_c 3s 4s -25%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 3s 2s +50%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 3s 4s -25%
poly_uniform_gamma1 3s 5s -40%
polyt0_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_unpack_eta 3s 6s -50%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_unpack_z 3s 3s +0%
polyz_unpack_native 3s 3s +0%
power2round 3s 3s +0%
rej_eta 3s 1s +200%
rej_eta_c 3s 5s -40%
shake128_init 3s 2s +50%
shake128x4_absorb_once 3s 3s +0%
shake256 3s 4s -25%
shake256x4_absorb_once 3s 1s +200%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 3s 3s +0%
sign_open 3s 4s -25%
sign_signature 3s 3s +0%
unpack_sk 3s 5s -40%
unpack_sk_s1hat 3s 3s +0%
yvec_init 3s 3s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
keccak_finalize 2s 2s +0%
keccak_init 2s 2s +0%
keccak_squeeze 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600_permute 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_abs_i32 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 2s 1s +100%
mld_ct_sel_int32 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_i64 2s 2s +0%
ntt_native_x86_64 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_c 2s 5s -60%
poly_caddq_native 2s 5s -60%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 2s 3s -33%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 2s 5s -60%
poly_reduce 2s 2s +0%
polyt1_unpack 2s 2s +0%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 2s 4s -50%
polyveck_pack_w1 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_pack_eta 2s 5s -60%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 2s 5s -60%
polyz_pack 2s 3s -33%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 2s 5s -60%
rej_eta_native 2s 4s -50%
shake128_absorb 2s 1s +100%
shake128_finalize 2s 2s +0%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 2s 2s +0%
shake256_finalize 2s 2s +0%
shake256_init 2s 3s -33%
shake256_release 2s 1s +100%
shake256_squeeze 2s 3s -33%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 2s 5s -60%
unpack_sk_s2hat 2s 4s -50%
use_hint 2s 4s -50%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 1s 1s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 1s 2s -50%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 1s 2s -50%
poly_sub 1s 4s -75%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 1s 3s -67%
shake128_release 1s 2s -50%
shake128_squeeze 1s 2s -50%
shake256_absorb 1s 4s -75%

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oqs-bot commented May 18, 2026

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-44)

Full Results (198 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** 1709s 1688s +1.2%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 257s 274s -6%
rej_uniform_native 126s 127s -1%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 97s 100s -3%
mld_invntt_layer 94s 95s -1%
mld_ct_memcmp 66s 71s -7%
mld_attempt_signature_generation 58s 55s +5%
mld_ntt_layer 44s 47s -6%
sign_signature_internal 31s 30s +3%
fqmul 28s 29s -3%
polyvec_matrix_expand 28s 29s -3%
sign_verify_internal 27s 25s +8%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 23s 22s +5%
rej_uniform_c 21s 19s +11%
polyvecl_chknorm 19s 16s +19%
mld_check_pct 17s 16s +6%
rej_uniform 17s 17s +0%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 15s 16s -6%
polyt0_unpack 15s 15s +0%
poly_chknorm_c 14s 18s -22%
poly_uniform_4x 14s 12s +17%
polyeta_unpack 14s 13s +8%
polyz_unpack_c 14s 12s +17%
compute_pack_t0_t1 12s 15s -20%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 12s 16s -25%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 11s 14s -21%
mld_compute_pack_z 10s 8s +25%
poly_add 10s 11s -9%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 10s 8s +25%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 10s 11s -9%
sign_pk_from_sk 10s 5s +100%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 9s 10s -10%
poly_power2round 9s 8s +12%
poly_challenge 7s 5s +40%
poly_decompose_c 7s 9s -22%
poly_uniform 7s 3s +133%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 7s 3s +133%
polyveck_decompose 7s 9s -22%
sign 7s 7s +0%
keccak_absorb 6s 8s -25%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 6s 9s -33%
poly_caddq 6s 2s +200%
poly_ntt_c 6s 4s +50%
polyveck_chknorm 6s 4s +50%
sig_unpack_hints 6s 2s +200%
unpack_sk 6s 3s +100%
intt_native_aarch64 5s 4s +25%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 5s 6s -17%
make_hint 5s 5s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 5s 2s +150%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 5s 3s +67%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 5s 4s +25%
ntt_native_aarch64 5s 2s +150%
pack_sig_z 5s 1s +400%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 5s 5s +0%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 5s 5s +0%
poly_shiftl 5s 4s +25%
polyveck_pack_w1 5s 1s +400%
polyveck_unpack_eta 5s 3s +67%
polyvecl_ntt 5s 5s +0%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 5s 4s +25%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 5s 3s +67%
power2round 5s 3s +67%
rej_eta_native 5s 2s +150%
shake256_release 5s 3s +67%
sign_signature 5s 4s +25%
sign_signature_extmu 5s 5s +0%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 5s 4s +25%
keccak_init 4s 3s +33%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 4s 2s +100%
mld_h 4s 3s +33%
mld_sample_s1_s2 4s 4s +0%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 4s 1s +300%
poly_caddq_native 4s 6s -33%
poly_decompose_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_ntt 4s 4s +0%
poly_sub 4s 3s +33%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 5s -20%
poly_use_hint 4s 4s +0%
polyveck_caddq 4s 5s -20%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 4s 4s +0%
reduce32 4s 1s +300%
rej_eta_c 4s 3s +33%
shake128x4_absorb_once 4s 3s +33%
shake256_finalize 4s 3s +33%
shake256_squeeze 4s 4s +0%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 4s 1s +300%
sign_keypair 4s 3s +33%
sign_keypair_internal 4s 4s +0%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 4s 5s -20%
sign_verify 4s 3s +33%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 4s 6s -33%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 4s 4s +0%
unpack_sk_s2hat 4s 2s +100%
unpack_sk_t0hat 4s 3s +33%
use_hint 4s 2s +100%
intt_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 3s 2s +50%
keccak_finalize 3s 1s +200%
keccak_squeeze 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_permute_native 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 3s 4s -25%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 3s 3s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_sel_int32 3s 2s +50%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 3s 3s +0%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 3s 4s -25%
montgomery_reduce 3s 2s +50%
ntt_native_x86_64 3s 2s +50%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 3s 1s +200%
pointwise_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
pointwise_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_chknorm_native 3s 2s +50%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
poly_decompose 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 3s 2s +50%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
poly_invntt_tomont 3s 3s +0%
poly_ntt_native 3s 4s -25%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 3s 2s +50%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 3s 4s -25%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_reduce 3s 2s +50%
poly_uniform_gamma1 3s 2s +50%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 3s 4s -25%
poly_use_hint_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
polyeta_pack 3s 2s +50%
polyt0_pack 3s 2s +50%
polyt1_pack 3s 2s +50%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_pack_eta 3s 1s +200%
polyveck_reduce 3s 2s +50%
polyvecl_pack_eta 3s 5s -40%
polyz_unpack 3s 3s +0%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 3s 5s -40%
shake128_init 3s 3s +0%
shake128_squeeze 3s 2s +50%
shake256 3s 2s +50%
shake256_absorb 3s 1s +200%
shake256_init 3s 2s +50%
shake256x4_absorb_once 3s 2s +50%
sign_open 3s 3s +0%
sign_verify_extmu 3s 3s +0%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 3s 5s -40%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 3s 1s +200%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 3s 2s +50%
sys_check_capability 3s 2s +50%
unpack_sk_s1hat 3s 4s -25%
yvec_get_poly 3s 4s -25%
yvec_init 3s 1s +200%
caddq 2s 3s -33%
decompose 2s 3s -33%
fqscale 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 4s -50%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600x4_permute 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_abs_i32 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 2s 3s -33%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 2s 3s -33%
mld_value_barrier_i64 2s 3s -33%
mld_value_barrier_u32 2s 1s +100%
mld_value_barrier_u8 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_c 2s 3s -33%
pack_sig_h 2s 3s -33%
pack_sk_s1 2s 5s -60%
poly_caddq_c 2s 5s -60%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 2s 4s -50%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 2s 2s +0%
polyt1_unpack 2s 3s -33%
polyveck_ntt 2s 3s -33%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 2s 2s +0%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 2s 2s +0%
polyvecl_unpack_z 2s 2s +0%
polyw1_pack 2s 4s -50%
polyz_pack 2s 3s -33%
polyz_unpack_native 2s 5s -60%
rej_eta 2s 3s -33%
shake128_absorb 2s 2s +0%
shake128_finalize 2s 3s -33%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 2s 2s +0%
unpack_pk_t1 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 1s 3s -67%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 1s 1s +0%
keccakf1600_permute 1s 1s +0%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 1s 2s -50%
poly_chknorm 1s 3s -67%
poly_use_hint_c 1s 3s -67%
shake128_release 1s 2s -50%

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oqs-bot commented May 18, 2026

CBMC Results (ML-DSA-65)

Full Results (198 proofs)
Proof Status Current Previous Change
**TOTAL** 2046s 1887s +8.4%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_c 331s 282s +17%
polyvec_matrix_expand 159s 148s +7%
rej_uniform_native 132s 124s +6%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_c 105s 91s +15%
mld_invntt_layer 100s 94s +6%
mld_ct_memcmp 72s 67s +7%
mld_attempt_signature_generation 71s 66s +8%
sign_verify_internal 71s 70s +1%
sign_signature_internal 50s 46s +9%
mld_ntt_layer 44s 43s +2%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_yvec 30s 27s +11%
fqmul 29s 27s +7%
polyvec_matrix_expand_serial 25s 23s +9%
keccakf1600x4_permute_native 22s 23s -4%
rej_uniform 20s 16s +25%
rej_uniform_c 18s 16s +12%
mld_ntt_butterfly_block 17s 15s +13%
poly_chknorm_c 16s 15s +7%
polyt0_unpack 15s 15s +0%
polyveck_decompose 14s 15s -7%
compute_pack_t0_t1 13s 12s +8%
poly_uniform_eta_4x 13s 12s +8%
mld_check_pct 12s 15s -20%
poly_uniform_4x 12s 12s +0%
poly_power2round 11s 8s +38%
keccak_absorb_once_x4 10s 11s -9%
poly_add 10s 12s -17%
polyveck_chknorm 10s 9s +11%
polyveck_ntt 10s 6s +67%
mld_compute_pack_z 9s 8s +12%
poly_invntt_tomont_c 9s 9s +0%
keccak_absorb 8s 6s +33%
poly_decompose_c 8s 6s +33%
polyveck_invntt_tomont 8s 8s +0%
mld_keccakf1600_permute_c 7s 6s +17%
pointwise_acc_native_x86_64 7s 5s +40%
polyvecl_ntt 7s 7s +0%
sign 7s 8s -12%
unpack_sk 7s 4s +75%
mld_h 6s 4s +50%
poly_caddq_native 6s 3s +100%
poly_challenge 6s 7s -14%
poly_ntt_native 6s 2s +200%
polyeta_unpack 6s 4s +50%
polyveck_caddq 6s 7s -14%
polyz_unpack_19_native_aarch64 6s 3s +100%
sign_open 6s 4s +50%
sign_verify 6s 3s +100%
intt_native_x86_64 5s 3s +67%
keccakf1600_extract_bytes (big endian) 5s 2s +150%
mld_ct_sel_int32 5s 3s +67%
mld_keccakf1600_extract_bytes 5s 2s +150%
poly_caddq_native_aarch64 5s 4s +25%
poly_decompose_88_native_aarch64 5s 4s +25%
poly_reduce 5s 3s +67%
poly_uniform 5s 4s +25%
poly_use_hint_c 5s 4s +25%
polyt1_unpack 5s 1s +400%
polyvec_matrix_pointwise_montgomery_row 5s 1s +400%
polyvecl_chknorm 5s 7s -29%
rej_eta_native 5s 5s +0%
shake128x4_squeezeblocks 5s 1s +400%
sign_signature_pre_hash_shake256 5s 4s +25%
sk_t0hat_get_poly 5s 1s +400%
unpack_sk_t0hat 5s 3s +67%
decompose 4s 4s +0%
keccak_squeezeblocks_x4 4s 3s +33%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes (big endian) 4s 3s +33%
mld_ct_cmask_neg_i32 4s 1s +300%
mld_polymat_expand_entry 4s 4s +0%
mld_prepare_domain_separation_prefix 4s 3s +33%
mld_sample_s1_s2 4s 4s +0%
mld_value_barrier_u32 4s 2s +100%
mld_value_barrier_u8 4s 1s +300%
ntt_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
pack_sig_c 4s 4s +0%
pack_sig_h 4s 6s -33%
pack_sig_z 4s 3s +33%
pointwise_acc_native_aarch64 4s 5s -20%
pointwise_native_aarch64 4s 3s +33%
pointwise_native_x86_64 4s 5s -20%
poly_caddq 4s 3s +33%
poly_decompose 4s 2s +100%
poly_ntt_c 4s 3s +33%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional 4s 2s +100%
poly_pointwise_montgomery_native 4s 2s +100%
poly_shiftl 4s 7s -43%
poly_sub 4s 3s +33%
poly_uniform_eta 4s 3s +33%
polyveck_pack_w1 4s 6s -33%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery_native 4s 4s +0%
polyz_pack 4s 4s +0%
polyz_unpack_17_native_aarch64 4s 4s +0%
polyz_unpack_c 4s 4s +0%
shake128_squeeze 4s 3s +33%
shake256_init 4s 1s +300%
shake256x4_squeezeblocks 4s 2s +100%
sig_unpack_hints 4s 4s +0%
sign_pk_from_sk 4s 8s -50%
sign_signature_extmu 4s 6s -33%
sign_signature_pre_hash_internal 4s 3s +33%
sign_verify_pre_hash_shake256 4s 3s +33%
sk_s2hat_get_poly 4s 3s +33%
yvec_get_poly 4s 2s +100%
fqscale 3s 2s +50%
intt_native_aarch64 3s 4s -25%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_scalar_hybrid 3s 3s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v8a_v84a_scalar_hybrid 3s 2s +50%
keccak_finalize 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600_xor_bytes 3s 3s +0%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes 3s 2s +50%
keccakf1600x4_permute 3s 2s +50%
make_hint 3s 4s -25%
mld_ct_abs_i32 3s 4s -25%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u8 3s 2s +50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_i64 3s 3s +0%
mld_keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_c 3s 4s -25%
mld_keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_c 3s 2s +50%
mld_sample_s1_s2_serial 3s 3s +0%
ntt_native_x86_64 3s 4s -25%
nttunpack_native_x86_64 3s 3s +0%
poly_caddq_c 3s 3s +0%
poly_chknorm 3s 4s -25%
poly_chknorm_native_aarch64 3s 3s +0%
poly_decompose_32_native_aarch64 3s 1s +200%
poly_invntt_tomont_native 3s 3s +0%
poly_permute_bitrev_to_custom_optional_native 3s 5s -40%
poly_pointwise_montgomery 3s 3s +0%
poly_uniform_gamma1_4x 3s 3s +0%
poly_use_hint 3s 2s +50%
poly_use_hint_native 3s 3s +0%
polyt1_pack 3s 3s +0%
polyveck_pack_eta 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_pack_eta 3s 5s -40%
polyvecl_pointwise_acc_montgomery 3s 3s +0%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1 3s 5s -40%
polyvecl_uniform_gamma1_serial 3s 1s +200%
polyvecl_unpack_eta 3s 2s +50%
polyz_unpack 3s 4s -25%
power2round 3s 2s +50%
rej_eta_c 3s 4s -25%
shake128_absorb 3s 2s +50%
shake128_init 3s 2s +50%
shake256_finalize 3s 1s +200%
sign_keypair 3s 6s -50%
sign_keypair_internal 3s 4s -25%
sign_verify_extmu 3s 5s -40%
sign_verify_pre_hash_internal 3s 3s +0%
unpack_pk_t1 3s 4s -25%
unpack_sk_s2hat 3s 3s +0%
yvec_init 3s 2s +50%
caddq 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x1_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 3s -33%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_aarch64_v84a 2s 2s +0%
keccak_f1600_x4_native_avx2 2s 3s -33%
keccak_squeeze 2s 4s -50%
keccakf1600_permute 2s 2s +0%
keccakf1600_permute_native 2s 1s +100%
keccakf1600x4_extract_bytes_native 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes 2s 3s -33%
keccakf1600x4_xor_bytes_native 2s 3s -33%
mld_ct_cmask_nonzero_u32 2s 4s -50%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u32 2s 2s +0%
mld_ct_get_optblocker_u8 2s 2s +0%
mld_value_barrier_i64 2s 4s -50%
montgomery_reduce 2s 3s -33%
pack_sk_rho_key_tr_s2 2s 2s +0%
pack_sk_s1 2s 3s -33%
poly_chknorm_native 2s 2s +0%
poly_decompose_native 2s 5s -60%
poly_invntt_tomont 2s 3s -33%
poly_ntt 2s 4s -50%
poly_uniform_gamma1 2s 3s -33%
poly_use_hint_native_aarch64 2s 2s +0%
polyt0_pack 2s 5s -60%
polyveck_reduce 2s 3s -33%
polyveck_unpack_eta 2s 4s -50%
polyvecl_unpack_z 2s 3s -33%
polyw1_pack 2s 2s +0%
polyz_unpack_native 2s 2s +0%
reduce32 2s 1s +100%
rej_eta 2s 3s -33%
shake128_finalize 2s 3s -33%
shake128_release 2s 3s -33%
shake128x4_absorb_once 2s 3s -33%
shake256 2s 2s +0%
shake256_absorb 2s 2s +0%
shake256_release 2s 1s +100%
shake256x4_absorb_once 2s 3s -33%
sign_signature 2s 3s -33%
sk_s1hat_get_poly 2s 3s -33%
sys_check_capability 2s 3s -33%
unpack_sk_s1hat 2s 3s -33%
use_hint 2s 2s +0%
keccak_init 1s 3s -67%
polyeta_pack 1s 4s -75%
shake256_squeeze 1s 3s -67%

The API-level benchmarks test/bench/bench_mldsa.c use
the macros MLD_BENCHMARK_{NTESTS, NWARMUP, NITERATIONS}
to control the setup and iterations to be conducted for
the benchmark.

Inconsistently, the component-level benchmarks use plain
NWARMUP, NITERATIONS, NTESTS for the benchmark configuration.
In particular, platform-specific adjustments as done e.g. in
test/baremetal/platform/m33-an524/platform.mk do not apply
to the component benchmarks.

Adjust the component-level benchmarks to use the same macros
MLD_BENCHMARK_{NWARMUP, NITERATIONS, NTESTS} to configure the
setup and iteration count for the component benchmarks.

Signed-off-by: Hanno Becker <beckphan@amazon.co.uk>
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Mac Mini (M1, 2020) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 46536 cycles 46506 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 131072 cycles 131094 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 47346 cycles 47318 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 81689 cycles 81694 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 215387 cycles 215403 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 79307 cycles 79306 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 132416 cycles 132423 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 277445 cycles 277327 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 134234 cycles 134241 cycles 1.00

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Mac Mini (M1, 2020) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 112817 cycles 112751 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 401105 cycles 400893 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 120189 cycles 120108 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 192868 cycles 192871 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 649934 cycles 649926 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 192957 cycles 192954 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 318775 cycles 318773 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 828794 cycles 828946 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 326669 cycles 326677 cycles 1.00

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Intel Xeon 4th gen (c7i)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 45354 cycles 45346 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 136120 cycles 136065 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 47235 cycles 47253 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 78792 cycles 78910 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 222552 cycles 222709 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 77747 cycles 77580 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 124856 cycles 125286 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 275576 cycles 277479 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 122053 cycles 123025 cycles 0.99

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Intel Xeon 4th gen (c7i) (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 94373 cycles 94253 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 330090 cycles 329726 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 98940 cycles 98817 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 161673 cycles 161747 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 538541 cycles 539015 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 160440 cycles 160331 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 264347 cycles 264318 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 694947 cycles 694782 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 265709 cycles 266187 cycles 1.00

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AMD EPYC 3rd gen (c6a)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 56304 cycles 57272 cycles 0.98
ML-DSA-44 sign 167628 cycles 167121 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 59425 cycles 58441 cycles 1.02
ML-DSA-65 keypair 98811 cycles 96775 cycles 1.02
ML-DSA-65 sign 270632 cycles 271203 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 99283 cycles 97802 cycles 1.02
ML-DSA-87 keypair 157542 cycles 161584 cycles 0.97
ML-DSA-87 sign 332648 cycles 334686 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 157179 cycles 153662 cycles 1.02

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Graviton2

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 112538 cycles 112432 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 354658 cycles 354864 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 117243 cycles 117286 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 195576 cycles 194493 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-65 sign 587368 cycles 585017 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 194148 cycles 193050 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 keypair 321264 cycles 321235 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 750838 cycles 749984 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 318976 cycles 318304 cycles 1.00

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AMD EPYC 3rd gen (c6a) (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 134634 cycles 133896 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-44 sign 525739 cycles 523758 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 147571 cycles 147252 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 223061 cycles 223126 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 850113 cycles 848868 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 233006 cycles 232502 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 372504 cycles 372442 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1074391 cycles 1074448 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 384991 cycles 385421 cycles 1.00

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SpacemiT K1 8 (Banana Pi F3) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 820695 cycles 820103 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 3223079 cycles 3223936 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 917347 cycles 916987 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 1391016 cycles 1391801 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 5232017 cycles 5231007 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 1465063 cycles 1465182 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 2300073 cycles 2300807 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 6618541 cycles 6620998 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 2407881 cycles 2409364 cycles 1.00

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Graviton4

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 67205 cycles 67371 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 201228 cycles 201270 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 70308 cycles 70332 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 119184 cycles 119547 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 328412 cycles 328462 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 116952 cycles 116947 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 196429 cycles 196660 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 424473 cycles 424654 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 193192 cycles 192979 cycles 1.00

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AMD EPYC 4th gen (c7a)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 47144 cycles 47594 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-44 sign 144490 cycles 144788 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 50142 cycles 50010 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 83440 cycles 85833 cycles 0.97
ML-DSA-65 sign 229971 cycles 234204 cycles 0.98
ML-DSA-65 verify 83548 cycles 84326 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 keypair 132521 cycles 131180 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 sign 283563 cycles 281915 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-87 verify 130277 cycles 129852 cycles 1.00

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Graviton2 (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 213352 cycles 212228 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-44 sign 757236 cycles 758008 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 229502 cycles 229769 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 379082 cycles 378353 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 1242005 cycles 1241044 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 372582 cycles 372526 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 602443 cycles 604041 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1581724 cycles 1582156 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 618957 cycles 618533 cycles 1.00

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Graviton4 (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 128481 cycles 128480 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 445187 cycles 444925 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 136699 cycles 136555 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 220328 cycles 220141 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 717915 cycles 718690 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 220939 cycles 221126 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 365943 cycles 365459 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 918892 cycles 917854 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 371129 cycles 371453 cycles 1.00

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Intel Xeon 3rd gen (c6i)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 62059 cycles 62444 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-44 sign 191990 cycles 192831 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 66619 cycles 66957 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-65 keypair 110980 cycles 111136 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 317964 cycles 316953 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 110537 cycles 110743 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 172501 cycles 173753 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 sign 382178 cycles 388841 cycles 0.98
ML-DSA-87 verify 171836 cycles 175622 cycles 0.98

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AMD EPYC 4th gen (c7a) (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 119319 cycles 119001 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 447123 cycles 447144 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 129249 cycles 129064 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 201912 cycles 201605 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 720612 cycles 718902 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 207616 cycles 206881 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 333145 cycles 333124 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 914136 cycles 913840 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 341100 cycles 341881 cycles 1.00

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Intel Xeon 3rd gen (c6i) (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 150784 cycles 151004 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 547158 cycles 544494 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 163400 cycles 163854 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 258213 cycles 259024 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 903680 cycles 900756 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 265826 cycles 265948 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 426380 cycles 426390 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1134123 cycles 1145772 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 437879 cycles 439689 cycles 1.00

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Arm Cortex-A76 (Raspberry Pi 5) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 112415 cycles 112474 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 354818 cycles 354354 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 117303 cycles 117102 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 194462 cycles 194672 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 585061 cycles 584415 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 193016 cycles 193002 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 320832 cycles 321262 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 748674 cycles 749940 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 317984 cycles 318684 cycles 1.00

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Graviton3

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 71569 cycles 71496 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 211533 cycles 211355 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 74930 cycles 74921 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 125975 cycles 125886 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 347667 cycles 347953 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 124033 cycles 124034 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 206297 cycles 206663 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 442976 cycles 447428 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 204275 cycles 204132 cycles 1.00

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Graviton3 (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 137947 cycles 137985 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 481931 cycles 481661 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 148906 cycles 148702 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 240846 cycles 240625 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 784715 cycles 785039 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 240762 cycles 241068 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 395719 cycles 395145 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1006182 cycles 1004893 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 402789 cycles 403180 cycles 1.00

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Arm Cortex-A76 (Raspberry Pi 5) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 212032 cycles 212586 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 sign 757374 cycles 756614 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 229694 cycles 229266 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 keypair 378357 cycles 378482 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 1240537 cycles 1240204 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 verify 372673 cycles 371973 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 keypair 603996 cycles 602412 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1581256 cycles 1580081 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 verify 618248 cycles 618563 cycles 1.00

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Arm Cortex-A55 (Snapdragon 888) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 267075 cycles 270848 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-44 sign 804411 cycles 805481 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 270153 cycles 273558 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-65 keypair 460552 cycles 464887 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-65 sign 1312468 cycles 1330777 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-65 verify 447219 cycles 453550 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 keypair 788430 cycles 790338 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 1781200 cycles 1800043 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 769803 cycles 775488 cycles 0.99

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Arm Cortex-A55 (Snapdragon 888) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 455873 cycles 458572 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-44 sign 2116451 cycles 2118694 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 548435 cycles 552697 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-65 keypair 767239 cycles 770338 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-65 sign 3454219 cycles 3476761 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-65 verify 852031 cycles 857668 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 keypair 1238781 cycles 1244211 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-87 sign 4259975 cycles 4284288 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-87 verify 1365003 cycles 1373464 cycles 0.99

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Arm Cortex-A72 (Raspberry Pi 4) benchmarks (opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 222935 cycles 226322 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-44 sign 625165 cycles 627058 cycles 1.00
ML-DSA-44 verify 225098 cycles 230347 cycles 0.98
ML-DSA-65 keypair 404051 cycles 408663 cycles 0.99
ML-DSA-65 sign 1009998 cycles 1059465 cycles 0.95
ML-DSA-65 verify 364942 cycles 390209 cycles 0.94
ML-DSA-87 keypair 646779 cycles 667215 cycles 0.97
ML-DSA-87 sign 1349759 cycles 1430725 cycles 0.94
ML-DSA-87 verify 630991 cycles 648530 cycles 0.97

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Arm Cortex-A72 (Raspberry Pi 4) benchmarks (no-opt)

Details
Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 313834 cycles 299370 cycles 1.05
ML-DSA-44 sign 1173717 cycles 1157993 cycles 1.01
ML-DSA-44 verify 342751 cycles 329642 cycles 1.04
ML-DSA-65 keypair 576240 cycles 552631 cycles 1.04
ML-DSA-65 sign 1951323 cycles 1849476 cycles 1.06
ML-DSA-65 verify 557222 cycles 528847 cycles 1.05
ML-DSA-87 keypair 868301 cycles 851001 cycles 1.02
ML-DSA-87 sign 2456581 cycles 2396045 cycles 1.03
ML-DSA-87 verify 903097 cycles 875347 cycles 1.03

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⚠️ Performance Alert ⚠️

Possible performance regression was detected for benchmark 'Arm Cortex-A72 (Raspberry Pi 4) benchmarks (no-opt)'.
Benchmark result of this commit is worse than the previous benchmark result exceeding threshold 1.03.

Benchmark suite Current: f881cbb Previous: 6a86580 Ratio
ML-DSA-44 keypair 313834 cycles 299370 cycles 1.05
ML-DSA-44 verify 342751 cycles 329642 cycles 1.04
ML-DSA-65 keypair 576240 cycles 552631 cycles 1.04
ML-DSA-65 sign 1951323 cycles 1849476 cycles 1.06
ML-DSA-65 verify 557222 cycles 528847 cycles 1.05
ML-DSA-87 verify 903097 cycles 875347 cycles 1.03

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@hanno-becker hanno-becker merged commit 0591fe0 into main May 18, 2026
463 checks passed
@hanno-becker hanno-becker deleted the test_iter_fixup branch May 18, 2026 09:30
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