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Add the article "The cd model in practice" - #5

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@cmg777 cmg777 commented Oct 16, 2026

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Summary

A new website article, docs/articles/cd-results.qmd, in the Articles menu. It covers the cd model's usage and its Proposition 99 results, then four disagreements, with every number computed live.

  1. cd vs sar: model or sample? Both models are fitted on all three samples, using new 51-unit weights for sar (described below).
    • Nevada's spillover is positive under cd and negative under sar on every sample, so the sign comes from the model.
    • California's effect is −15 to −17 under sar everywhere, and −2.8 / −9.4 / −10.1 under cd. The cd spread follows Nevada's weight in California's synthetic control: 0.25 / 0.07 / 0.16.
  2. The paper's inference vs the authors' code. They disagree on the joint-test rejections in 1994–95 and on the significance of California's 1991–92 effects.
  3. The κ_A test rejects the paper's structure.
    • The unexplained residual concentrates in NH, KY, RI, WV and VT.
    • Adding them lowers κ_A but rejections stay at 11 of 12 years, and California's effect moves from −9.4 to about −16.
    • Leave-one-out references give the same verdict.
  4. Choosing a structure, scspill vs mlsynth. The statistics are defined differently and on different scales, but they gave the same rankings in every comparison here.

New spatial weights. tools/build_cd_contiguity.py builds rook contiguity for 50 states + DC from the Census TIGER/Line 2024 shapefile, the same source and rule as the bundled 39-state weights. It self-checks that its 39-state subset reproduces the bundled weights exactly. The output lives with the article (docs/articles/data/), and there is no package API change.

The model page, the catalogue and the case study link to the article, and the CHANGELOG and llms.txt are updated.

Validation

  • make docs renders without errors.
  • make lint typecheck test: 306 passed, 3 skipped.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

docs/articles/cd-results.qmd documents how to use cd, its Proposition 99
results, and four disagreements:

- cd vs sar: both models are fitted on all three samples (the 39-state
  1988 panel and Cao & Dowd's 51/41-unit panels) to separate model from
  sample. The sign of Nevada's spillover is the model's on every sample;
  the size of California's effect depends on the model and, for cd, on
  Nevada's weight in California's synthetic control.
- The paper's inference vs the authors' code: rejection years and
  interval shapes.
- The kappa_A test rejecting the paper's structure: which states carry
  the unexplained residual, larger structures, and leave-one-out
  references.
- The structure-selection statistic vs mlsynth's: same rankings here,
  different definitions and scales.

The sar fits on the Cao-Dowd panels use rook-contiguity weights built by
tools/build_cd_contiguity.py from the same Census TIGER/Line 2024
shapefile and rule as the bundled 39-state weights. The script checks
that its 39-state subset reproduces them exactly. The weights live with
the article (docs/articles/data/), not in the package.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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cmg777 merged commit bc9e06a into main Oct 16, 2026
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cmg777 deleted the docs/cd-results branch October 16, 2026 02:46
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