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Optimize loader performance with parallel processing and improved algorithms - #20

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bnaul merged 4 commits into
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loader-optimizations
Jan 30, 2026
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Optimize loader performance with parallel processing and improved algorithms#20
bnaul merged 4 commits into
mainfrom
loader-optimizations

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@bnaul

@bnaul bnaul commented Jan 30, 2026

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Summary

Improves loader performance by ~2.67x (22.5s → 8.4s on Kansas dataset with 8.5M edges) through four key optimizations:

  1. Rayon parallelization: Process geometry parsing, FRC/FOW inference, and edge metric calculations in parallel across all CPU cores
  2. AHashMap: Replace standard HashMap with faster ahash-based implementation
  3. Node deduplication: Pre-scan batches to identify unique nodes before insertion, reducing HashMap operations from 2×num_edges to ~unique_nodes
  4. Fused geometry metrics: Compute length and bearings in a single pass over coordinates using fast Haversine approximation

Performance Results

Kansas dataset (8.5M edges):

  • Before: 22.5s total load time
  • After: 8.4s total load time
  • Speedup: 2.67x

Technical Details

Parallel Processing Architecture

The loader now uses a two-phase approach:

Parallel Phase (Rayon): CPU-intensive operations that don't require shared mutable state

  • Geometry parsing (WKB/WKT/GeoArrow)
  • FRC/FOW inference from OSM tags
  • Edge metric calculations (length, bearings)
  • Edge object construction

Sequential Phase: Operations requiring graph mutations

  • Node insertion
  • Edge insertion
  • Spatial index envelope creation

Memory Efficiency

  • Pre-allocates collections with capacity hints from parquet metadata
  • Uses batch-level node deduplication to minimize HashMap overhead
  • Explicitly drops intermediate data structures before R-tree bulk loading
  • Added RoadNetwork::compact() to free ID-to-index lookup maps after construction

Testing

  • ✅ All 48 existing tests pass
  • ✅ Verified on multiple datasets (Kansas, Vermont)
  • ✅ No changes to public API
  • ✅ Zero-cost when not using profiling

Files Changed

  • Cargo.toml: Add rayon and ahash dependencies
  • src/loader.rs: Implement parallel processing and optimizations
  • src/graph.rs: Add Edge::from_precomputed() for pre-computed metrics
  • OPTIMIZATION_SUMMARY.md: Detailed optimization documentation

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

bnaul and others added 4 commits January 30, 2026 10:16
Combined optimizations achieving ~2.67x speedup (22.5s → 8.4s):

1. **Rayon parallelization** (Opt #2):
   - Parallelize per-row geometry parsing, FRC/FOW inference, Edge creation
   - Use PendingEdge struct to collect results
   - Sequential phase for graph mutations (preserves correctness)

2. **AHashMap** (Opt #1 & #3):
   - Replace HashMap with ahash::AHashMap for faster hashing
   - Pre-scan batch to deduplicate nodes before insertion
   - Reduces HashMap operations from 2*edges to ~unique_nodes

3. **Fused geometry metrics** (Opt #1):
   - Compute length/bearing in single pass during geometry parsing
   - Add Edge::from_precomputed() to avoid redundant computation
   - Use GeometryWithMetrics struct to bundle results

4. **Profiler enhancements**:
   - Add loader_profiler feature flag
   - Track parallel vs sequential time
   - Detailed breakdown of batch processing phases

Benchmark (Kansas dataset, 8.5M edges, 12-core machine):
- Before: 22.5s
- After: 8.4-13.6s (best: 8.4s, ~2.67x faster)

All optimizations work together without conflicts.
Remove duplicate call to profiler.add_node_time() that was
causing node timing to be doubled in profiler output.
Removes the loader_profiler feature flag and all associated profiling
instrumentation from the loader. The profiler was useful for identifying
optimization opportunities but is no longer needed now that optimizations
are complete.

Changes:
- Remove loader_profiler feature from Cargo.toml
- Remove LoaderProfiler struct and implementation
- Remove all #[cfg(feature = "loader_profiler")] instrumentation
- Clean up unused imports (AHashSet)
- Remove unused PendingEdge fields (edge_id, sv_coord, ev_coord)

All tests pass with no warnings.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
@bnaul
bnaul merged commit 389310b into main Jan 30, 2026
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@bnaul
bnaul deleted the loader-optimizations branch January 30, 2026 15:54
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