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Postselection, point 4 of #336 - #340
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Point 4 of #336. Builds on #337, #338, #339 (contains their commits until they are merged).
postselect(sv, n, qubit, state): projects the qubit ontostate('0', '1', '+', '-', '+i', '-i') and renormalises; returns(state, probability); raises if the probability is zero. Definition: Aaronson, quant-ph/0412187, Definition 1.Tests: '0'/'1' against keeping the matching amplitudes; the other four against the basis-change circuit (h, or sdg+h) with postselection on |0⟩/|1⟩ and the inverse change; mid-circuit postselection against copying the qubit with cx into a fresh ancilla and postselecting it at the end (Aaronson, Sect. 3).
Also in #337 (merged forward here): arithmetic functions now call
ensure_x64()before building JAX arrays, so results stay complex128.Docs: new page
api/postselect.md, nav entry, README line.