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Add Taiwan regional mappings for 樑／梁 - #1407
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Can you add tests to explain what the expected changes are? Add evidence of how these characters are actually used in Taiwan? Does HKVariantsRev need similar mappings? |
石梁 is also a name for the calligrapher who compiled [草字彙][1], a name for a politician from Ming dynasty, a name for several geographical places, and a name for possibly many others. [1]: https://www.shidianguji.com/book/NGJ892411999032358230371/chapter/1lqducz0jjh22
Incorporate personal names from STPhrases.txt to TWVariantsPhrases.txt.
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OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 37143 in 9382dd3 According to the OpenCC standards, here 空梁落燕泥 should be 空樑落燕泥. I could conjecture that it probably is a show of respect for the source (典源). But as I read a lot on 成語典, a lot of Chinese idioms differ from their original sources, especially through semantic divarication of certain characters. Off my mind, I could come up with 一狐之掖, which later becomes 一狐之腋. If OpenCC sincerely believes that 樑 and 梁 should be two characters, then it should not make an exception for idioms like this one. |
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OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 30582 to 30583 in 9382dd3 Same here. But more interestingly, 梁木 stays unchanged but 梁木其壞 becomes 樑木其壞. This is inconsistent. |
[梁龍][1] as a personal name is much more [common][2] than [樑龍][3], the dinosaur. Even in Hong kong, where 樑 is used for the meaning of bridge, 梁 is used here nonetheless, even though it originates from the sense of 雙樑. [1]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E9%BE%99_(%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E5%AE%98) [2]: https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E6%A2%81%E9%BE%99/8106905 [3]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/%E6%A2%81%E9%BE%8D%E5%B1%AC
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OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 48935 to 48937 in 9382dd3 Here, they are not only inconsistent but also misspellings. They should be 黃粱 instead of 黃梁. |
It looks like the original form of the idiom is 梁木其壞. |
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How about these in |
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I have checked them individually that day. They are all correct. I am kind of busy these two days. Yes, this is the point I made that day. It is a tough decision to be made. My personal opinion is: if OpenCC gives reasonably good definitions of how certain character pairs are to be differentiated, then we should convert them according to OpenCC standards regardless of how old (or how classical) they are. Historically speaking, a lot of idioms now differ from their original form, either through changed in a later period or by the imposition of certain language standards. The great historian 司馬遷 wrote in 史記·商君列傳:
Here he actually used 掖 for 腋 in the original source. This passage is in fact quoted in 掖 entry from 重編國語辭典修訂本. However, the same dictionary never use 一狐之掖 in any headwords, as shown in this search result. They actually normalize all versions to 一狐之腋. Another classical example would be the normalization of 于 to 於. The early Chinese philosopher 晏嬰 wrote in 晏子春秋·內篇·雜篇:
You see in the original source that he used 于 instead of 於. However, in the entry for 淮南橘，淮北枳, the 于 is normalized to 於. In fact, based on my personal experience, most 于 used as a preposition are normalized to 於 in the materials published by the Ministry of Education. If they normalize characters used in classical Chinese according to their standards, we should also do this according to our standards. And this is the only way to achieve consistency. 
《史記·商君列傳》 
《晏子春秋·內篇·雜篇》 |
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OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 304 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 909 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 4101 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 4229 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 7696 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 8590 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 8593 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 16002 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 16201 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 17207 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 17638 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 20792 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 23738 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 24921 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 24935 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 29845 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 30087 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 30101 to 30103 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 30582 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 30755 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 30833 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 30983 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 31960 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 31996 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 32313 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 32342 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 33025 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 33616 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 34791 to 34792 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 35517 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 37143 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 37244 to 37245 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 37650 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 38190 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 39364 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 41368 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 41922 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 44065 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 47906 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 48703 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 49089 in 7296554 I believe that all the 梁s from the above should be converted to 樑s according to OpenCC standards. Some terms are more obscure than others and I will explain some of them. 丁字梁 in English is T-beam and it should be converted to 丁字樑 according to OpenCC standards. 上梁 inside 上梁文 has the same meaning of 上梁 as in 豎柱上梁. It was a literature style originating from the Six Dynasties. It was a kind of essay you wrote to send your good wishes to the owner of the new house being built after the main beam (主梁) was installed. It could also mean the text on the 上樑記牌 of a house. In either case, it should be converted to 樑 according to OpenCC standards. 平梁 could mean a type of beam used in construction. Or it could also mean a flat (landform). In either case, we should convert it to 樑 according to OpenCC standards. 板梁 inside 板梁橋 mean plate girders, and a 板梁橋 just means a plate girder bridge. 柏梁s inside 柏梁體, 柏梁臺, and 柏梁詩 all refer to the beam made out of cedar wood. 椽梁 just means rafters. A 沒梁桶 means a bucket without handle. It was often used a part of 歇後語. 澤梁 and 漁梁 (or 魚梁) are fishing weirs of various types. A 濠梁 just means a bridge over a river. 玳梁 or 玳瑁梁 means delicately embellished beams of a house. 白鶴梁 is a natural stone bridge in 重慶. A 箱梁 means a box girder. A 縱梁 means a longeron on an aircraft. Of course, a decision must be made about those words or phrases which were formed long before the Vernacular Movement (白話文運動). Should they be kept in the original forms? Or they should be converted nonetheless. OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Line 9909 in 7296554 My first thought about this word is that it was a misspelling of 汴梁. Then I realized that it could also be a personal name. And I found out that a fictional character from a TV drama premiered in 2019 with the same name. However, given the fact this line was added in 2010 (commit 09bb6ca), it was unlikely the original author could foresee a fictional character 9 years later. OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 48611 to 48612 in 7296554 Here again, 高梁s (从木) are misspellings of 高粱s (从米). |
* Incorporate phrases containing 樑 from STPhrases.txt to TWVariantsRevPhrases.txt. * Also update testcases.json.
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OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 18905 to 18907 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 21064 to 21066 in 7296554 OpenCC/data/dictionary/STPhrases.txt Lines 44066 to 44067 in 7296554 Here are some inconsistencies. In any case, 小丑丫鬟 should be converted to itself (小丑丫鬟). In the case of 跳梁小丑 family of phrases, the situation is more complicated. According to both source (典源) and meaning (釋義), it should be 小醜. But according to frequency, in both Taiwan and Hong Kong, people tend to use 小丑 a lot more than 小醜 in these phrases. |
| 梁鸿 梁鴻 | ||
| 梁鸿五噫 梁鴻五噫 | ||
| 梁龙 樑龍 | ||
| 梁龙 梁龍 樑龍 |
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A real world usage of 梁龍 in Hong Kong other than Wikipedia would be this.
铜梁县 was renamed to [铜梁区] in 2014. [1]: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%9C%E6%A2%81%E5%8C%BA
Apply OpenCC standards to the list of words mentioned in this [comment][1]. [1]: BYVoid#1407 (comment)
| 上梁不正下梁歪 上樑不正下樑歪 | ||
| 上梁山 上梁山 | ||
| 上梁文 上梁文 | ||
| 上梁文 上樑文 |
| 落地签证 落地簽證 | ||
| 落托 落托 | ||
| 落月屋梁 落月屋梁 | ||
| 落月屋梁 落月屋樑 |
| 空杯 空杯 | ||
| 空柜子 空櫃子 | ||
| 空梁落燕泥 空梁落燕泥 | ||
| 空梁落燕泥 空樑落燕泥 |
| 白驹空谷 白駒空谷 | ||
| 白骨松 白骨松 | ||
| 白鹤梁 白鶴梁 | ||
| 白鹤梁 白鶴梁 白鶴樑 |
| 玳梁 玳樑 | ||
| 玳瑁梁 玳瑁樑 |
| 濒于绝种 瀕於絕種 | ||
| 濒危物种 瀕危物種 | ||
| 濠梁 濠梁 | ||
| 濠梁 濠樑 |
| 渐暗 漸暗 | ||
| 渔娘 漁娘 | ||
| 渔梁 漁梁 | ||
| 渔梁 漁樑 |
| 泰山北斗 泰山北斗 | ||
| 泰山娘娘 泰山娘娘 | ||
| 泰山梁木 泰山梁木 | ||
| 泰山梁木 泰山樑木 |
| 河曲县 河曲縣 | ||
| 河曲智叟 河曲智叟 | ||
| 河梁 河梁 | ||
| 河梁 河樑 |
| 椰胡 椰胡 | ||
| 椰雕 椰雕 | ||
| 椽梁 椽梁 | ||
| 椽梁 椽樑 |
| 梁木 梁木 樑木 | ||
| 梁木其坏 樑木其壞 |
| 架回来 架回來 | ||
| 架梁 架樑 | ||
| 架海金梁 架海金梁 | ||
| 架海金梁 架海金樑 |
| 板桥市 板橋市 | ||
| 板桩 板樁 | ||
| 板梁桥 板梁橋 | ||
| 板梁桥 板樑橋 |
| 抚松 撫松 | ||
| 抚松县 撫松縣 | ||
| 抚梁易柱 撫梁易柱 | ||
| 抚梁易柱 撫樑易柱 |
| 国家标准化管理委员会 國家標準化管理委員會 | ||
| 国家标准码 國家標準碼 | ||
| 国家栋梁 國家棟梁 | ||
| 国家栋梁 國家棟樑 |
| @@ -8587,10 +8587,10 @@ | |||
| 刺枪术 刺槍術 | |||
| 刺激启动不同步 刺激啓動不同步 | |||
| 刺绣 刺繡 | |||
| 刺股悬梁 刺股懸梁 | |||
| 刺股悬梁 刺股懸樑 | |||
| 刺胳针 刺胳針 | |||
| 刺针 刺針 | |||
| 刺骨悬梁 刺骨懸梁 | |||
| 刺骨悬梁 刺骨懸樑 | |||
| @@ -48608,8 +48609,6 @@ | |||
| 高梁 高梁 | |||
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Interestingly, 高梁 is read as たかはし, which normally will be rendered as 高橋 using Kanji.
| 蠹众木折 蠹衆木折 | ||
| 蠹众而木折隙大而墙坏 蠹衆而木折隙大而牆壞 | ||
| 蠹啄剖梁柱 蠹啄剖梁柱 | ||
| 蠹啄剖梁柱 蠹啄剖樑柱 |
| 鱼松 魚鬆 | ||
| 鱼板 魚板 | ||
| 鱼梁 魚梁 | ||
| 鱼梁 魚樑 |
Keep this PR focused on the 樑／梁 beam-vs-name distinction. The 小丑丫鬟, 幺麼小丑 and 幺麽小丑 entries only flipped 丑／醜 primary selection with no 梁 involved, so restore their original 小醜 targets; the 跳梁小丑 family is kept because those changes are bundled with the 梁→樑 conversion. testcases.json case_057 now expects 幺麼小醜 to match.
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Pros and cons of these mappings are as follows.
Pros:
The dictionaries from Taiwan consistently specify that 樑 is a variant of 梁, and there is no words containing 樑 from 重編國語辭典修訂本 but there are 144 headwords containing 梁 in the same dictionary. The meanings of 樑 are subsumed under 梁, as is shown here. In 教育百科, there are not many results for 樑, which all say that it is the same as 梁. But for 梁, it gives more substantive content. And I take these as the nominative standards.
Cons:
At the same time, I could not deny that 樑 is still used in Taiwan to certain extent. And it is not a dead character. Such usages are often found in niches, technical jargon, and proper names. Also to my knowledge, earlier 中國時報 (from decades ago) used 樑 and 梁 quite interchangeably (but they also used 喫/吃, 峯/峰, 羣/群, and so on so forth in the past). Some real usages with 樑 include 壽樑, 月樑, and 抬樑式. But it is never wrong to write 壽梁, 月梁, or 抬梁式. Proper names would be the only category in which it would be wrong to use 梁 in the place of 樑.
To the best of my knowledge, or at least according to 香港中文書面語語料庫, the usages of 樑 and 梁 in Hong Kong coincide with the OpenCC standard usages.